ABIOTIC = Matter of the Planet Earth. Nonliving parts and factors of the Earth, often different kinds in each type of ecosystem. Example: Sand in a desert. Rocks along a coast.

ABOLITION = To be against, destroy, and/or put an end to a practice, system, or institution.
Most common in referring to slavery in the British colonies and United States of America. New Definition is referred to, "Transformative Justice."

"Abolition And Reparations: Histories of Resistance, Transformative Justice, And Accountability" - Harvard Law Review)2019)

"The African American Odyssey: A Quest for Full Citizenship: Abolition, Anti-Slavery Movements, and the Rise of the Sectional Controversy" - The Library of Congress

ABOLITIONIST = A person who favors firmly, attests, a practice, institution. Most common regarding slavery being wrong, and commits to do anything to end slavery, or another mission. Term been used regarding capital punishment.

"Why I Became an Abolitionist: Activist and Organizer Brea Baker Recounts her Journey to Abolition After Trayvon Martin's death." - Harper's Bazaar (2020)

TRAIN

ABOARD = "ALL ABOARD!" The engineer's call, used equally to let train passengers that have detrained for the station stopover, that the train passengers must now quickly board, or embark, and reasonably rush back to their seats, sleeping quarters, or rooms, as well as a greeting of sorts for new passengers, so they will know what seats are available (if not number/letter pre-assigned). Often passengers who like to enjoy the depots and surroundings will take their tickets marked with their seats chosen above, so it is especially important, especially if one is on the first level (often disability level).

ACCELERATION = The act or process of moving faster or happening quicker. Physically, the rate of change of velocity with respect to time broadly. The change of velocity. The raising of economic growth, whether through natural or artificial means.

Physics - What is Acceleration? - Don't Memorise

AERODYNAMICS = [Ancient Greek: ἀήρ aero (air) + δυναμική ( dynamics)] The study of the motion of air. Usually study in regards a solid object, such as turbine or an airplane wing.

AFRO-FUTURISM = Looking backwards to look forward. By blending the African Diaspora with science, technology, and philosophy, it is a way for Black people to see past Black popular culture, through expanding on new ideas in order to shape a future of our own.
The term was coined by Mark Dery in 1994. Ytasha L. Womack, author of Afrofuturism: The World of Black Sci-Fi and Fantasy Culture, defines it as, 'An intersection of imagination, technology, the future and liberation.'"

Afrofuturism, , has long been a part of Black popular culture.

"Afrofuturism" - National Museum of African American History & Culture | Smithsonian

"A Beginner's Guide To Afrofuturism: 7 Titles To Watch And Read" - Essence Magazine (October 23, 2020)

AGROECOSYSTEM = A dynamic web of insects (pollinators, like wasps), birds(drop seeds), mammals (dig, make holes, and plant, such as a squirrel), crops, pastures, livestock, other flora and fauna, soils, water, and the atmosphere. It/they are contained within larger landscapes, including uncultivated land, drainage networks, rural communities, and wildlife. Farms and extensively large, sprawling gardens are included.

"Understanding Agroecosystems: Examples and Outlook" - Treehugger (2021)

"Grass, Forage, and Rangeland Agroecosystems" - US Agricultural Research Service

"Agroecosystems Research: Local Studies for Global Scale" - Collage of Agricultural Services, Colorado State University

"Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Agroecosystems" - Berkeley Food Institute

"Agroecosystems & Ecosphere" - Ecological Society of America (ESA)

"Nitrogen Dynamics and Management in Agroecosystems" - A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System | NIH (2015) [Annex 4]

BOOK: A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System | NIH (2015)

MARYLAND: "Grass, Forage, and Rangeland Agroecosystems" - US Agricultural Research Service

"Agroecosystems" - Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education (SARE)

AIR = The invisible gaseous substance surrounding the earth, of which all living things breathe or absorb the type they need, Most consume oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.

To expose something to open air from outside in order to ventilate or dry it.

MATERIAL

AIR RIGHTS = Ownership of air - today, and always. Granted, or sold "space" above land/the ground and/or water extending up infinity above particular ground, building, or park.... that the owner can do as he/she pleases, such as building unlimited floors, build a steeple, place radio, television, or telephone towers, have a helicopter or other vehicle pad (allowing anyone - foreign or domestic) to hover over entire property and park on top of. Real Estate term, having value, and so, is transferable and sellable. Complete domain over, no interference, dominance of who can be above their property. A state, or country security concern regarding domestic or foreign harm because of intimate access. Of National security nature.

ALBEDO = [Nature] Light and/or radiation that is reflected by, for example, Sun star upon Planet Earth.

ERADICATE UHI

ALBEDO = [LIGHT & RADIATION POLLUTION] The proportion of incident light or radiation to surface reflection, typically that of a planet or moon.
Main measure of "Urban Heat Island" (UHI)

ALMSHOUSE = A place where disadvantaged and people of limited means could be housed, and have health care. Also known as a, "Poorhouse."

"Almshouse" American institution - Britannica

The Almshouse Association (U.K.)

"Poor Relief and the Almshouse" - Social Welfare History Project, VCU Libraries

WRONG LINK "Lady Baltimore" Statue - On Baltimore Lane, in Cloonageeher townland, County Longford, beside the boundary with County Leitrim.

AMERICAN EXCEPTIONALISM = Egotistical, superiority thinking by United States citizens that everyone is beneath them, and so dismiss, intentionally ignore, and have no curiosity as to how other peoples' countries and cultures think, live, and solve similar and same problems.

By limiting the scope of solution-oriented innovation and problem solving, headstrong belief in having superior technology of "United States only," stemming from after World War II economic power of the day, the United States continues this love affair, now well into the 21st Century. This costs the United States of America dearly in all accounts and manners; health-wise, financially, socially, educationally, technology-wise, security-wise... The disbursement of healthcare costs people lives. Multi-decades behind in all rail technology costs people lives through air, water, soil, and noise (busses are 85 decibels and higher) pollution that make us all, one way or another ill (Seek, "Forever Chemicals" and "Tires Tyres Everywhere").

Lack of investment in "Gravity Road" = Rail, whether knowingly or unknowingly keeps people in poverty, not only the permanent jobs it creates, and the freedom of travel for all, but the freedom and ability to make one's own choices of how to make a living, often, on the train itself. The United States investing in old technology materials is vastly disconcerting. Instead of studying all the options, it picks winners and losers based on salespeople, influenced by political donors and non-profits who advocate for their donors behalf (example, solar panel makers and installers). Over a hundred years ago, the United States chose gasoline-fueled rather than electric automobiles. Today hydrogen is vastly superior as a fuel, and has no minerals and toxic chemicals like heavy batteried electric vehicles have (or slave wages and child labor), yet chose through government financial incentives for batteried electric vehicles (EV). Instead of study, investment in energies that never stop and start - hydrothermal and geothermal (low- enthalpy), local, state, and federal government choose solar panels instead of now on market solar roof shingles and dishes, propeller wind turbines instead of upcoming on market gyroscopic propellerless ones (that will never kill birds). These "decisions" costs taxpayers billions and trillions of having to then change out the old technology for a less old, instead of researching and having the patience of things to come to market. Better yet, put out contests of innovation and product needed so they can be, "Made in America." We used to build trains, and now only one company, and another who was bought by foreign entity "Seek, "What about trains? The Iron Horse." There is streetcar building in U.S.A., but still not built like used to. [European, Australian, Asian, South American, Mexico and Canada, and yes, African build and run superior trains, trams, and subways.] Government chooses where money goes, builds according what is politically motivated by donors, thereby ensuring elected office, rather than what is best for their citizens.

People in the United States like to rename things, while the original name is fine. We are the only country in the world who call trams, "Streetcars." While original angel-investor television show is "Dragons Den," as well as every other country's iteration, here, "Shark Tank."

When it comes to protection of its people, the essence of government existence, the United States does not fair well, placing capitalism above health of its people. Countries in Europe especially are diligent, often collectively through The European Union in doing comprehensive studies, and when conclusive, take immediate action, banning and setting limits because of chemicals, materials, products like sealants in tires (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHS), and Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances (PFAS). We know for decades, and not even a warning of PFAS on a microwave popcorn bags, non-stick Teflon, and PVC water pipes or even other more potent "Forever Chemical Family" PAHS on makeup, tires, and dandruff shampoos. Superiority gives children asthma and all of us are PAHS breathers - carcinogens of cancer.... the United States and separately and collective states continue to fail - make costly mistakes.

"The Problem of American Exceptionalism" - Pew Research Center (2006)

"The Myth of American Exceptionalism" - Foreign Policy Magazine (2011)

Natural & Made

Chemical

AMMONIA = A gas that is made of nitrogen and hydrogen. Ammonia is naturally made by bacteria, decaying plants, and animals and hence is naturally found in water, soil, and air. Human bodies also make when proteins break down (part of urine). The gas has a strong odor and can irritate the skin, eyes, nose, throat, and lungs.

It can also be made into a liquid inside a laboratory. It is used in medicines, fertilizers, household cleaning liquids, and other products. It is also added to cigarettes to make its nicotine more potent.

ICI Billingham Coal Hydrogenation Site

IMPERIAL BILLINGHAM COAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES - ENGLAND

"The Facts About Ammonia" - New York State Department of Health

"Is Ammonia the Future of Energy? - Climate Club (2023)

"Hydrogen Energy Storage in Ammonia: Fantastic Future or Fossil Fuel Scam?" - Just Have a Think (2020)

Ammonia as Fuel: "Does Toyota Know Something That We Don't?" - Reactions (2024)

ANALOG = Relating to using signals or information represented by a continuously variable physical quantity such as spatial position, voltage, etc. May have a measured response to changes in physical variables: sound, light, temperature, position, or pressure. The physical variable is converted to an analog signal by a transducer. Uses continuous electric signals.

"What is an Analog Signal?" - Neso Academy

ANALOG COMPUTER = Using "Continuous" values rather than "discrete" values, its users can continuously change entities like mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, etc. They work on analog signals. [Similar to local radio and television stations.]
Seek, "Antikythera Mechanism" - the first known computer - Antikythera, Greece

"Analog Computer" = Britannica

"The Most Powerful Computers You've Never Heard Of" And Why Return to Analog Computers - Veritasium (2021)

ANCILLARY = Supportive to a primary source, personnel,...
Seek: "Primary" and "Primary Energy"

ANCILLARY ENERGY = Solar and Wind are supportive to primary hydrothermal, which includes geothermal. Ability to be used, but cannot be counted upon due to time of day, season, and weather conditions.
Seek: "Primary" and "Primary Energy"

ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM = an Ancient Greek hand-powered orrery (Solar System model), considered the oldest known example of an analogue computer used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses decades into the future.

"Computer Recreation-of-Antikythera-Mechanism"

"The World's Oldest Computer" - National Geographic

"The Antikythera Mechanism Explained with Dr. Tony Freeth" Event Horizon (2023)

"The Worlds First Precision Lathe - Constructing The Antikythera Mechanism" - Clickspring

"A Handmade Antikythera Mechanism: Rediscovering an Ancient Greek Enigma" - Chronova Engineering

AQUATECTURE = The controlling of conditions in order for aquatic organisms, and their ecosystems to be stable all of their lifecycles. Architectural adaptation typology is used to mitigate and manage flooding (short and long term). This typology, water, and architectural design unites to produce dynamic and reliable mitigation solutions.

"Marine Aquaculture: A Promising Future" - NOAA Fisheries (2018)

Aquaculture Stewardship Council

ATHROPOGENIC = Strictly regarding environmental change caused or influenced by people, either directly or indirectly.

ANTHROPOGENIC = Relating to, or resulting from the influence of human beings on nature.
Seek "Dominant Anthropogenic"

"Anthropogenic Disturbance Driving Population Decline of a Dominant Tree in East Asia Evergreen Broadleaved Forests Over the Last 11,000 years" - The Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology (February 2024)

ANTHROPOGENIC HABITAT(S) = A place that humans make to mimic restorative measures to repair ecosystem - species' homes

"Anthropogenic Habitats" - Wisconsin Wildlife Action Plan, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

ATHROPOGENY = From the Greek "anthropos," meaning, human being. The study of human origins (anthropogenesis). Term first used in 1839. "Gen" means, "be produced." More recently the term has acquired a wider, secondary meaning, applied to substances, processes, etc. of human origin or resulting from human activity.

ANTHROPOS = Human being. The study of human origins of Greek usage. Term first used in 1839.

Energy Education: "Anthropogenic" - The University of Calgary

"Earth Word: Anthropogenic" - USGS

APPROVAL VOTING = The ability to vote for candidates you would like as the "winner," person you want to "employ" - public servant. This process allows a whittling down of candidates, and can cause more "run offs."

"Approval Voting" - The Center for Election Science

Ranked Choice Voting (RCV) Versus Approval Voting" - Fair Vote

ARCHITECT = A person whose profession, with credentials (licensed, registered, bonded...), is designing and drawing up plans for buildings, bridges, etc. and generally supervises the construction usually in a certain province or territory. Advices in both aesthetic and technical - on built objects and potential projects in public and private landscapes. [Seek below for more specialized roles an architect can take. Included often is, "interior designer."

"What is an Architect?" - Royal Architectural Institute of Canada

"What Is An Architect? Learn More About What Architects Do" - Forbes Magazine (2022)

"Architects: Occupational Outlook Handbook" - U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics - Office of Occupational Statistics and Employment Projections

"Architecture and Engineering Occupations: Occupational Outlook Handbook" - U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics - Office of Occupational Statistics and Employment Projections

ARCHITECTURE = The result, the finished project or product of something that has been built in a manner that has some sort of design and pre-meditated structure.

"What is Practice of Architecture?" - Royal Architectural Institute of Canada

ERADICATE

ASH POND = COAL ASH BASIN = SURFACE IMPOUNDMENT = An engineered structured landfill for purpose to prevent ash into the air. It is used for coal-fired power stations, and incinerators, for the disposal of two types of coal combustion products: bottom ash and fly ash. Most have had ash waste directly placed, which has the coal ash waste

Ash ponds use gravity to settle out large particulates (measured as total suspended solids) from power plant wastewater. This technology does not treat dissolved pollutants.[3] The ponds generally have not been built as lined landfills, and therefore chemicals in the ash can leach into groundwater and surface waters, accumulating in the biomass of the system.

Although it may have a liner, wet scrubbers (an air pollutant control) to decrease amount of airborne pollutants, the structure still poses a destructively serious heath risk, especially for the surrounding environment. Often incinerators are found next to residential minority neighborhoods.


"A thermal power plant is the most conventional source of electric power. In the thermal power plants, the coal is used as a fuel which is burnt through combustion process in boilers, and hence, ash is generated as a waste product. Ash is a major pollutant for environment and, thus, is detrimental to the animal and plant life. Also disposal of huge quantity of ash is a burning problem due to non-availability of land. Therefore, an ash pond is essential for the disposal of ash generated in a thermal power station. The ash pond consists of a large pond with ring embankment all around, internal and external drainage system, and toe protection at downstream side. The operation in ash pond takes place by filling with ash slurry, allowing the water to drain and evaporate from the pond over time. The industries are constructing ash ponds of various sizes and shapes depending upon the size and layout of available land and approval from the statutory authorities. The capacities of ponds/lagoons are being increased by raising the dyke height. For the improvement of the reliability and stability of ash ponds, it is necessary to take appropriate measures in every stages, such as designing, construction, operation, maintenance, supervision, and monitoring." - Earth Systems and Environment (2021)

"Fly Ash Management and Condition Monitoring of Ash Pond" - Earth Systems and Environment (2020)

ASTALGIA = PAIN (Greek)

ASTROTURFING = False popularity. The practice of promoting a product or service through fake testimonies, and/or masking the true sponsors of a message or organization (e.g., political, advertising, religious or public relations) to make it appear as though it originates from and is supported by grassroots participants.

Example: "The Troll Army of Big Oil" - Climate Town (2023)

ATLANTIC MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION (AMOC) = The system of ocean currents that circulates water within the Atlantic Ocean, bringing warm water north and cold water south

Please seek: "The Meridional Overturning Circulation" for Planet Earth ocean system.

ATLANTIC MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION

NASA - GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER [SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION STUDIO]

"What is the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)?" - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

"Physics-Based Early Warning Signal Shows That Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is on Tipping Course" - Science Advances (February 2024)

ATMOSPHERIC DEPRESSION = A low-pressure area, in a region where the atmospheric pressure is lower than that of its surrounding locations. Low-pressure systems form under areas of wind divergence, occurring in upper levels of the troposphere. Also known as, "Cyclogenesis."

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE = Air that concentrates within Planet Earth. Barometers measure this concentration.

ATMOSPHERIC RIVER = A concentrated band of water vapor flowing through the atmosphere becoming a significant part of the global hydrologic cycle and an important source of regional precipitation.
Relatively long, narrow regions in the atmosphere—like canal in the sky - that transports most water vapor outside of the tropics. When they landfall, they often release this water vapor in the form of rain or snow.
This type of weather system floods farms and homes, damages highways, and kills. Accounts for much of precipitation for a place.

"Atmospheric Pressure" - American Meteorological Society

"Atmospheric Pressure" - National Geographic

"What are Atmospheric Rivers?" - National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration

ATONEMENT = The art of apologizing for wrongful deeds impressed upon others that affected their well-being. The practice of recognizing one's own, or society's own, or body/entity, such as government trespasses, and apologizing through tangible efforts, such as loans for businesses, homes, naming places, and other financial means. A reparation for an offense or injury. Repentance. Conceptual embodiment and/or understanding of one's own sin.

"Sacrifice, Atonement, and Legal Ethics" - Yale Law Journal (2003)

ATTENTION = A gathering of brain function that senses a need to act, especially in the creation of determining fright or flight.

Passive Engaged Demand Attention

"Types of Attention and Learning: Attention Activities" - The OT Toolbox

"Finally, the Real Answer Why Your Best Ideas Come While Showering" - University of Virginia (2022)

ERADICATE

AUDIBLE SUBTATION NOISE = Continuously radiated discrete tones, especially from power transformers. Noise primarily generated by power transformers, but also regulating transformers, reactors, and emergency generators.

AURAL = Relating to the ear or to the sense of hearing visual and vibrational sensations

ERADICATE

AURAL POLLUTION = Relating to the interference of ear operation due to repeated high decibels. The sense of hearing visual and vibrational sensations is diminished.
[Seek, "Noise Pollution"]

AUTHORITARIANISM = A style of government where the ruler, family of rulers, or band of rulers of which demand complete obedience from their people. Belief that individual choice is bad. Ability to control for self-survival to measure risks and give certain liberties to its people to maintain peace.

Despotism. Similar to "Totalitarian" governments. Military regimes.

"I have an agreement with my people: they can say what they like and I can do what I like." - Frederick the Great

AUTOBUS / BUS (Plural: Busses or Buses) = A vehicle to transport an amount of people, whether public or private. Usually involves having a motor and rubber-wheels.

"Automatic" - The Pointer Sisters

AUTOMATIC [WHOLESOME AND TRADITIONAL] = Something that moves completely by itself without humans intervening. For example: Wind automatically blows, moving and carrying things that are lightweight enough to be moved without knowledge of the wind's strength. A sail boat can manipulate the use of wind; raise or remove its sails to benefit staying put or sailing, but the source of energy is automatic, as it cannot be controlled by humans. True definition and use.

AUTOMATIC [MODERN MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL] = The result of movement after a lever, switch, button, pulley, or other thing/method that starts a series of movements by human, or performed by non-human animals after humans trained. For example; pushing on a pedal that releases food or water. To achieve a result. For example, pulling a lever associated with a candidate for office marks in voting booth one's vote. Automatic drive. "Push the elevator button, and automatically the light comes on." All these uses are not, "automatic."
"AUTO" is short for AUTOMATIC.

AUTOMATION = A process of eliminating various types of human activities, thoughts, desires, feelings, and especially manual work through robots.

"What is Automation?" [The Types] - International Business Machines (IBM)

AUTOMOBILE = A completed separate ite capable of moving or being moved. Often refers to a "car," as in cable or street car that is individual whose owner or family only drives whether for him/herself or for a chauffeur business.

AUTO LOO = Nearly automobile/car-free

AVAILABILITY HEURISTIC = A bias used to make a quick decision based on most recent events that come to mind, making a direct chain from past to future without regard of the present. A rash decision and action without a well-thought-out plan.

"Why Do We Tend to Think That Things That Happened Recently are More Likely to Happen Again?: The Availability Heuristic, Explained." - The Decision Lab

"What Is the Availability Heuristic?" - Study.com

"The Availability Heuristic: Why Your Brain Confuses 'Easy' with 'True'" - Kent Hendricks

AXIAL = Tilt of Planet Earth of about 23.44°.

"Axis of Planet Earth" has gravitational attraction from the Sun.

The Sun's gravitational pull attracts Planet Earth and thus pulls earth towards it. Due to earths revolution around sun, it tends to go away from sun in direction of the tangent hence a rotational force (torque) acts on earth and it tends to rotate.

"Earth's Spin, Tilt and Orbit" - Understanding Global Change, University of California Museum of Paleontology

AXIS = A real or imaginary line / rod through the center of an object on which a body rotates. [Globes, mostly Planet Earth have rods so they can spin.]
Seek: "Axial"

"Axis" - National Geographic

BAADER=MEINHOF PHENOMENON = Frequency illusion. When one's brain has a cognitive bias occurring while thinking about noticed or recently studied/learned idea, occurrence, or physical/material suddenly seems to appear, be experienced everywhere. Brain not processing that it is a personal experience, not a societal experience.

"What's the Baader-Meinhof Phenomenon?" - How Stuff Works? (2023)

"What is the Baader-Meinhof Phenomenon?" - The Lighthouse (2020)

Contributes to: "Contributing Factors To Aggressive Driving" - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)

BALLAST = Some kind of heavy material, such as gravel, sand, iron, or lead, placed low in a vessel to improve its stability. Usually for railroad track or to straighten and level a road.

TRACK BALLAST = A dug out area specifically to be able to lay track and rail over. Large jagged gravel is used to fill. The depth depends on the weather, amount of use the track will get by trains, and geological shifts, like earthquakes. The usual amount is 10 inches below, then tracks and rails, and then more gravel on top.

A Solution to ballast flooding and deterioration - JD Rail Solutions [Video]

BALLOON LOOP = TURNING LOOP = REVERSING LOOP = Mechanical means in order for any rail vehicle, passenger or frieght to reverse direction without having to shunt or stop or go on a round. llows a rail vehicle or train to reverse direction without having to shunt or stop.

"Balloon Loop" - Wikipedia

BEHAVIORAL-BASED DEMAND RESPONSE (BDR) = A concept that encourages utility residential customers to change their behavior through money rebates in order to reduce peak usage. The program effectiveness is evaluated by measuring kilo Watts saved during peak times using baselining.

T BDR builds on the fundamental concept of using neighbor comparisons, as pioneered in Home Energy Reports (HER)1.

BELLWETHER = Someone or something that takes the initiative of compiling information and trends, shows how a situation will develop or change, shows what the general future of changes or developments will probably be, and/or takes the lead in a group or movement. Indication(s) of usually major, even historic actions(s) through research often ignored that is finally listened to, which drastically changes course.

A prediction of outcome.

BERM = A level space, shelf, or raised barrier usually made of compacted soil, that separates areas in a vertical way, especially part-way up a long slope. Serves as a terrace road, track, path, a fortification line, a border/separation barrier for navigation, good drainage, industry, or other purposes. Ability to slope water away.

BERNOULLI PRINCIPLE / EFFECT = States of increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure or the fluid's potential energy.

"Bernoulli's Principle Principles of Flight" - NASA (2010)

BESTOW = : To put to use. Apply
BESTOWED = To place upon

BILGE = The lowest inner part, or bottom point, on a boat, designed to collect excess water. The pump inside removes accumulated water by creating pressure or suction so that the water can be removed. Place for wastewater collection.

ERADICATE

BILGE DUMPING = When a vessel illegally releases untreated, oily wastewater into the ocean.
Typically occurs far out at sea, done in secrecy, with no regulations, this pollution continues to be unchecked. Cargo vessels and tankers illegally dump oily bilge water, which contains moe than just oil. But regarding the oil, the bilge water forms in most modern cargo and container vessels from the heavy oil they use for fuel.

"Bilge Dumping: The Worst Pollution You've Never Heard Of" - DW Planet A (April 15, 2022)

HOW ITS DONE: "Cargo Ship Engineer Gets One Year in Prison for Dumping Oil in Ocean" - KFMD TV 8 San Diego (September 12, 2022)

"Detecting Bilge Dumping Pollution at Sea With Satellite Data" - Geo Awesome (February 21, 2024)

"Bilge Dumping: What It Is, Why You Should Care, and What Can Be Done" - Let's Talk Geography (April 24, 2024)

"Criminal Provisions of Water Pollution" - Environmental Protection Agency

"Ocean Dumping: International Treaties" - EPA

ERADICATE

BILGE WATER = A mixture of fresh water, sea water, oil, sludge, chemicals, and other fluids that accumulates in bilge wells, the lowest compartments below the waterlines of a ship.

"Oil Pollution From Ships" - DW (2022)

BIOACCUMULATION = Collection of something unattended.
Carnivores who eat small amounts of ingested toxins concentrate over time, with inability to remove - including excreting from one's body; compromising their bodily functions and immune systems.

BIOAEROSOLS = A tiny, airborne particle (fungal spore, pollen grain, endotoxin, or particle of animal dander) that is composed of or derived from biological matter

These airborne particles can produce significant health effects by spreading infectious disease or triggering allergic responses or respiratory irritation. Coronaviruses are a category of bioaerosols.

Sources of Airborne Microorganisms in the Built Environment - Microbiome Artwork by Tim Skiles

"Sources of microbial bioaerosols in the built environment may include: humans, pets, plants, plumbing systems, heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems, mold, resuspension of settled dust, and outdoor air. The green and red dots represent microorganisms that may be beneficial or detrimental to human health, respectively." [Click on picture for article.]

BIOAVAILABLE = Easily accepted into a body. While absorption helps, especially regarding medicine to get well, it is even easier for toxins, carcinogens like Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PFAS....

Key Principles of Pharmacology Measuring Pharmacokinetics: "Bioavailability" - The European Patients Academy on Therapeutic Innovation (EUPATI)

BIOCHAR = Lightweight black charcoal carbon and ash residue, that remains after the pyrolysis of biomass produced from plant matter, that in soil, can remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Defined by International Biochar Initiative as, "Solid material obtained from the thermochemical conversion of biomass in an oxygen-limited environment"

"What is Biochar?" - Regeneration International (2018)

"Biochar" - USDA Northwest Climate Hub

BIOCIDE = The destruction of life. A substance that destroys living things, especially a pesticide, fungicide, or herbicide. Cease life.

BIODIVERSITY = The variety of life The variety of living organisms. The ability for living organisms to survive, live. and thrive only by all the rest of the living organisms in their ecosystem being able to (a healthy ecosystem).

"How Does Climate Change Affect Biodiversity?" - California Academy of Sciences

"Biodiversity is collapsing worldwide. Here's why." - Our Changing Climate

BIOREMEDIATION = The choice, ability to repair life.
To correct, rectify, and attempt to no longer damage or destroy life. To transform contaminants through spontaneous chemical reaction processes, and managing and maintaining remedial remedy. Goal is to eliminate environmental contaminations - toxic and nontoxic forms.
"Bioremediation is the use of microbes to clean up contaminated soil and groundwater. Microbes are very small organisms, such as bacteria, that live naturally in the environment. Bioremediation stimulates the growth of certain microbes that use contaminants as a source of food and energy. Contaminants treated using bioremediation include oil and other petroleum products, solvents and pesticides." - EPA

"Introduction to Bioremediation: Microbes, Fungi, Plants, and Animals" - Jade Changes (August 24, 2021)

"Shaily Mahendra: Bioremediation-" - Pop Tech (November 14, 2011)

"Community Guide to Bioremediation" - Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2021)

"Bioremediation Techniques-Classification Based on Site of Application: Principles, Advantages, Limitations and Prospects" - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology (2016)

BIOSWALE = Vegetation with a porous bottom ditch specifically placed. Important for dimensions to be at least big enough to serve not having more than one overflow/become clogged more than once every 2 years. Usually, the top layer consists of enhanced soil with plants. Second layer below is gravel, scoria, or baked clay pellets packed in geotextile. These large holed porous materials, allow rainwater to drain. The third layer is packed in geotextile, preventing from becoming clogged by sludge or roots. An infiltration pipe/drainpipe is situated below the third layer. the infiltration pipe/drainpipe prevents overflowing its banks during heavy rainfall. Rainfall infiltrates into the ground via the packed layered ditch. If ditch overflows, water runs through to the drainpipe.
If drain and overflow both fill up, the bioswale acts as an above-ground drainage system and leads water directly to surface water.

"An Introduction to Bioswales" - Clemson College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences (May 26, 2015)

"Green Infrastructure Toolkit: Bioswales" - GROW NYC

BIOSWALE SYSTEMS = Ability to incorporate into green infrastructure, help enhance biodiversity, and quality of life. Water running off from roofs and roads led to flow into into the bioswale via above-ground gutters and/or ditches instead of sewers.

"Bioswales" - Urban Green Blue Grids

The idea of “silence is agreement” originates from the Latin phrase “Qui tacet consentire videtur,” which translates to “He who is silent appears to consent.” This phrase is often used in law, and it implies that if someone does not speak up against something, they are assumed to agree with it.

We speak to the social mind.

BIOTIC = Living factors include plants, animals, and other organisms often segregated due to ecosystem they belong to.

BIPOC = Black Indigenous People of Color Usually these people live in neighborhoods that are closest to incinerators.

BLACK EXCEPTIONALISM = Belief that one is better than all others in regards to one's skin color.

"Our Obsession With Black Excellence Is Harming Black People" - Forbes Magazine (2021)

"Consequences of Black Exceptionalism? Interracial Unions with Blacks, Depressive Symptoms, and Relationship Satisfaction" - Social Q, The Ohio State University | NIH (2011)

"BLACK MALE EXCEPTIONALISM?: The Problems and Potential of Black Male-Focused Interventions" - Cambridge Core, Cambridge University Press (2014)

BLACK NATIONALISM = Racial separation. Advocacy and support for unity and political self-determination for Black people. Can be in the name of a separate Black city, town, or nation.

BLACK SWAN = A mainly black swan with white flight feathers native to Australia and Tasmania. Black swans have been introduced in other countries.

BLACK SWAN = An unpredictable or unforeseen event, that magnifies vulnerability, and typically has extreme consequences

BLACKBODY RADIATION = The relationship between an object's temperature, and wavelength of electromagnetic radiation it emits. An idealized object that absorbs all electromagnetic radiation it connects to - comes in contact with.

"Blackbody Radiation" - The Physics Hypertextbook

BOARD = A wide piece of wood that is usually quite thin compared to its area

BOARD = To step into a large mode of transportation such as a cable car, streetcar / tram, or train with means of sitting down or standing in order to travel

alight exit debus disembarking · alighting ; dismounting · leaving ; exiting · deplaning ; detraining · getting off ; stepping off · piling out ..

BOAT = A type of waterproof craft used for transporting goods, especially fish, and recreational activities including racing, and cruising, or military use in the water. Fueled by paddling with oars, with sails with wind, by gasoline with outboard motor or inboard motor. Soon: hydrogen power.

BOON DOGGLE / BOONDOGGLE = Originally, the handicraft of tying small bits of string, yarn, ribbon together.
Today's usage: An expensive project that is deemed to have little to no merit of existing.

"How to Make Boondoggle Lanyard Keychains"

"Where Did the Word, 'boondoggle come From?" - History Channel (2015)

BOTTLE BILL = A Container Deposit Law
A container deposit law which requires at time of purchase a "deposit" on beer, soft drinks, and other beverage containers that is refunded through bottle return in order to ensure a high rate of reuse and recycling. It is better to have drinks use glass bottles for optimum reuse.

Bottle Bill Resource Guide

Container Recycling Institute (CRI)

BRACKISH WATER = When salinity levels outweigh freshwater by seawater. When/where surface or groundwater mixes with seawater such as in deep fossil aquifers. When well water becomes polluted by another water source.
Also: H2O having a chloride content more than 400mgl−1 or an electrical conductivity greater than 1.5dSm−1.

"Water Availability and Use Science Program Brackish Groundwater in the United States" - USGS (2017)

"Brackish Groundwater and its Potential to Augment Freshwater Supplies" - USGS

"Brackish Water" - Comprehensive Water Quality and Purification, 2014 - Various Articles

BRIBERY = The giving of what another's intrinsic value is worth in usually tangible materials or service, such as money or even murder, in order to get another to do what one wants, regarding pursuing power and additional wealth through this "gift." Illegal in most cases in government, so done in secret.

BRIDGE = A material upon one can walk, climb, roll, or ride within a vehicle that can be traveled safely, due to that material being able to support the weight, from one side to another, usually at a high elevation too great to skip or jump across to the other side. [More specifics will be added, as well as links to the various types of bridges.]


"A bridge is a structure that connects two or more points allowing access across railways, rivers, streams, ravines, etc., whereas a trestle is a framework structure that some long bridges are built upon. That framework consists of vertical, slanted and cross pieces that are used to support the bridge."

BRUMATION = A state or condition of sluggishness, inactivity, or torpor exhibited by reptiles (especially snakes or lizards) during winter or extended periods due to low temperatures.

"Brumation and Torpor: How Animals Survive Cold Snaps by Playing Dead-ish" - National Public Radio (NPR) (February 14th, 2024)

BUEN VIVIR = Good living in balance with nature. A Spanish term - slogan.

BULKHEADS = Retaining walls whose primary purpose is to hold or prevent sliding soil. Sever wave action is usually beyond
capacity of its ability of protection.
Seek also, "Seawalls."

Seek More About Seawalls via, "SPONGE CITY Here

BURGLAR TOURISM = Cameras used to spy on residents to learn of their departing and arrival to their homes in order to assess when packages cn be stolen, and when best to rob their homes

BUS / AUTOBUS (Plural: Busses or Buses) = A vehicle to transport an amount of people, whether public or private. Usually involves having rubber-wheels.

BUS RAPID TRANSIT (BRT) = a vehicle that has rubber wheels that travels on a dedicated lane, in other words, not inhibited by any automobiles from same departure depot and arrival depot and vice-versa. Limited as to amount of passengers and if equipped, can carry only 2 bicycles. Same time challenges as any bus; 4 minutes for wheelchair passengers to board and leave. Some paint the lanes, in attempt to make cars not drive on them, but they do anyway, and the purpose to go faster than automobiles is quelled. Same physical challenges: roll-resistance and hydroplaning.

CABLE CARS = A mode of public transportation that uses an underground thick wire or group of wires that is looped to provide electricity so that it moves. This mode of transportation is common especially in hilly areas.

CANAL = A human-made waterway that allows transporting water irrigation and boats and ships to pass from one body of water to another. Made of wood.

"Canal Features & Structures" - The American Canal Society

CANALS: "Reanimating Public Space Through Sustainable Design" - Adrian Benepe at TEDx Middlebury - TEDx Talks (Dec 12, 2013)

CANCER = The rapid division and then multiplication of abnormal cells that grow beyond their usual boundaries. A disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells that spreads in body, usually a certain section. A practice or phenomenon perceived to not be containable or eradicable, deemed to be evil or destructive.

"What Is Cancer?" - National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health

"What is Cancer?" - Cancer Council [Australia]

"Understanding What Cancer Is: Ancient Times to Present" - American Cancer Society

"Cell Phones and Cancer Risk" - National Cancer Institute | National Institutes of Health

ERADICATE

CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE (CCS) = To acquisition, transport, and store greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel power stations, energy intensive industries, and gas fields by injecting the seized greenhouse gases back into the ground.

"Carbon Capture: The Hopes, Challenges, and Controversies" - Financial Times Film (April 6, 2022)

"Can We Jut Bury Our Carbon?" - ABC News (2021)

"'CCS Is Like Trying To Push Water Uphill,' According To Head Of United Nation's IPCC Jim Skea" - Carbon Herald (2024)

"Fossil Fuel Statement" - Jim Skea, Chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) at COP28 (2023)

CARBON FARMING = A farm landscape implementation approach(es) known to improve the rate at which CO2 is removed from the atmosphere and stored in plant material and/or soil organic matter. Engages with the agroecosystem processes. Solar energy (just the Sun) drives this type of farm ecosystem dynamics. Commonly attached to term, "Regenerative Agriculture"

"What is Carbon Farming?" - The Carbon Cycle Institute

CARGO = Goods placed and carried on a ship, aircraft, or motor vehicle.

CARRIER = A person or a company legally entitled to transporting goods by land, water, and air. Works with shippers to ship goods from one place to another.

"The carriage of freight on the railways."

"Carrier" - Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School

"Passenger Carrier Regulations" - U.S. Department of Transportation

TRAIN

CATENARY = A system of overhead wires used to supply electricity to a locomotive, tram (streetcar), or light rail vehicle that is equipped with a trolley pole(s) (with shoe) or pantograph. Switches are used to connect wires to move to other routes and directions.

CAUSEWAY = A raised path, especially across wet areas, to connect land bodies. A road on top of an embankment.

"Causeway" - Wikipedia

Robert Moses Causeway Historical Overview - NY Roads

"Robert Moses Causeway" - Wikipedia

CENTENARY = A hundredth anniversary of a significant event. Alternative: centennial.

CHAOS THEORY = A branch of highly sensitive conditional mathematics that deals with complex systems whose behavior to slight changes or alterations creates strikingly great consequences.

For example: A time schedule for Train 1234 is changed to leave 7 minutes later (with a 3 minute additional "on time" purview) throws off all connecting train service for passengers, creating even one or two hour waits, instead of the 8 minute wait passengers all rely on to reach their connecting trains' platforms. At best, the Train 1234 will arrive perfectly on time, leaving only one minute to disembark, with or without bags, descend properly onto a stool step, dodge people and even pets, and meander around Red Capped drivers driving drays with passengers seated for rides and luggage to be transferred and delivered. Now every passenger misses every single train connection because the one person in charge changes Train 1234 so their boyfriend or girlfriend can take to work, and get up the same time they used to for a different job, in other words, for one person to not be inconvenienced, only to ruin multitudes of people's travels.

"We need to banish chaos theory from our transportation." - Geoff Wardle

CHEVRON DEFERENCE = Refers to Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 468 U.S. 837 (1984).
A doctrine
eference” is referring to the doctrine of judicial deference given to administrative action. It was coined after a landmark case, Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 468 U.S. 837 (1984). In Chevron, the Supreme Court set forth a legal test as to when the court should defer to the agency’s answer or interpretation, holding that such judicial deference is appropriate where the agency’s answer was not unreasonable, so long as Congress had not spoken directly to the precise issue at question.

"Chevron Deference" - Cornell Law School | Legal Information Institute

CHIRAL = Chemistry: a molecule or ion that cannot be superposed on its mirror image by any combination of rotations, translations, and some conformational changes.

CHISEL = A long-bladed metal hand tool with a narrow sharp beveled cutting blade edge, connected with a usually rounded handle made to fit comfortably the human hand, that can be used on its own usually to carve and shape wood, stone, softer metals, plastics... as well as can be struck with a hammer or mallet, used to cut or shape wood, stone, metal, or other hard materials.

CHROMATOGRAPHY = A technique used usually in a laboratory used to separate different substances in a solid mixture. The mixture is infused with gas or liquid. Through a column, paper, or special plate that contains absorbing materials the substances in the mixture separate based on how they move through the material. IF not able to be detected visibly to human eye, it can be detected by machine.

"Chromatography" - American Chemical Society

Time Passage

CHRONIC = Persistence to being this way. Happening always, for a long time, continuum, or constantly recurring.

CHRONIC MISALIGNMENT = Not being or even able to properly work due usually to physical misshapen nonnormal attributes that reoccur, or continuously.

"Causes of acute and chronic spinal misalignments can be from forces moving the spine away from its normal structure, such as auto accidents, sports injuries, falls, long periods of time in improper seating, standing or sleeping postures. Untreated traumatic accidents are typical causes of long-term conditions." -

"Chronic Circadian Misalignment Accelerates Immune Senescence and Abbreviates Lifespan in Mice" - Scientific Reports (2020)

CIRCADIAN MISALIGNMENT = Being out of kilter due to not having 24 hour periods or cycles of biological activity or function. Stopping, inducing (such as medically or noise, light... pollutions, or government forcing to disallow life to occur biologically, physically, emotionally, and spiritually natural.
Seek: "Daylight Saving Time"

"Chronic Circadian Misalignment Accelerates Immune Senescence and Abbreviates Lifespan in Mice" - Scientific Reports (2020)

"Circadian Misalignment and Health" - International Review of Psychiatry (2014)

Circadian Misalignment and Energy Balance (CM) - Clinical Trials.gov [TRIAL IN PROGRSS January 1st, 2019 - March 30th, 2024]

CIVIC CAPITAL = Refers to a society as a whole or neighborhood's, cities, town's community collective capacities, enabling collaborative problem-solving and sustainable progress. It encompasses both formal and informal relationships, networks, and abilities that communities utilize to address social, political, economic, and/or physical challenges. [Seek, "Social Capital"]

"Building and Measuring Civic Capital the Capacity of a Community to Solve Problems and Thrive" - National Civic League

Civic Capital

"What Is Civic Capital? Nashville and Other Cities Have a Lot of It" - International City/County Management Association (2019)

CLIMATE = A term that refers to a scalable, measurable degree of atmospheric factors. Long-term average of weather.

CLIMATE CHANGE = A term that refers to a scalable, measurable degree of atmospheric factors: mainly temperature and precipitation in response to global warming and other factors at different rates and in different ratios.

"What Is Climate Change?" United Nations

"All About Climate" - National Geographic Resource Library

"Climate Change is Costing the World $16 Million Per Hour: Study" - World Economic Forum (October 12th, 2023)

"The Importance of Measuring the Fiscal and Economic Costs of Climate Change" - The White House, Biden Administration (March 14, 2023)

CLIMATE CRISIS = The emergency need to combat past NOW to climate changes

CLIMATE FINANCE = For the purpose of raising revenue to combat the ravages of weather and temperature changes, and relocation of people to new places to live

"Introduction to Climate Finance" - United Nations Climate Change

"Why Is Climate Finance So Hard to Define?" - World Resources Institute (April 8, 2013)

"U.S. International Climate Finance Plan" - The White house, Biden Administration (April 2021)

"International Climate Finance" - Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES)

"Aligning Finance and Investment for Climate Action" - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

"The Global Climate Finance Architecture" - Climate Finance Fundamentals 2 (February 2022)

CLIMATE LENS = Peering into and through the facts of climate change and global warming in order to make a decision

CLIMATE RESILIENCE = The capacity of social, economic, and ecosystems to cope with a temporary or permanent hazardous disturbances and swaths of time in relation to weather "Acts of God" and Greenhouse Effect. For example, an "Arctic Blast."
"Coping" is done by responding and reorganizing in structural ways that maintain each ecosystems' biodiversity essential function, identity, and structure, while also maintaining the capacity for adaptation, learning and transformation. The key focus is to reduce climate vulnerability that communities, states, and countries currently and will soon have.

Addressing an International Priority.
Efforts encompass implementing social, economic, technological, and political strategies in all societal cultures. Robust legions of local action to global treaties through nations alike are geared towards building and improving climate resilience.

"What is Climate Resilience, and Why Does it Matter?" - Center for Climate and Energy Solutions

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION = To reduce climate change vulnerability with considerations of climate justice and equity. Addresses inequality due to nations affecting other nations with every conceived pollution output they produce. Practical implementations: climate resilient infrastructure, climate resilient agriculture, and climate resilient development.
Most objective approaches to measuring climate resilience use fixed and transparent definitions of resilience, and allow for different groups of people to be compared through standardised metrics.

CLIMATE SHELTER(S) = A refuge from extreme weather. A specific place set aside to offer protection from unfavorable events and situations, such as heat waves, storms, lack of suitable habitat access, and frostbite conditions that is always available (24 hours - 7 days a week).

"How to Survive Heatwaves in the City" - DW Planet A (July 26, 2024)

CLIMATE SHIFT INDEX (CSI) = A number that indicates the fingerprint of climate change for every day's local weather of high and low air temperatures. Above zero CSI level means that human-caused climate change has made that day’s temperature more "common" and level below zero, less common. A CSI calculations can be for observed and forecasted temperatures.

CLIMATE SYSTEM = There are 5 parts: the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere. The 5 parts are influenced by many factors, the sun, Earth's position in space relative to the sun, and human-made factors of interference, such as greenhouse gas emissions.

Climate System The five components: Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Cryosphere, Lithosphere, Biosphere

"How Does the Climate System Work?" - Met Office - UK Weather

The Climate System (Explained) - All About Climate (2021)

"The Climate System" - Center For Science Education, University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)

"The Study of Earth as an Integrated System" - Earth Science Communications Team, NASA

COAST = Part of land that borders bodies of water. Transitional materials are usually made of rocks and beach made of sand deposits.
River coasts are called, "banks."
Lake coasts are called, "shores."
Ability to move without any use of energy.
To sail along the border where water and land/rocks meet, especially to carry cargo.

COASTAL ZONE = Waters and the adjacent shorelands strongly influenced by each other including islands, transitional and intertidal areas, salt marshes, wetlands, and beaches.

"Coastal Zone" Definition - Cornell University

"Coastal Zones" - Tulane University

"Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972" - Office for Coastal Management - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

"Europe's Environment - The Dobris Assessment: 35. Coastal Zone Threats and Management" - The European Environment Agency (EEA) - The European Union

COLOR/COLOUR = Fractions of light. Pigment in paint.

"What Is Color?" - "Physics in Motion" - GPB Education

"How We See Colors" - "Star Talk" - Neil DeGrasse Tyson

ERADICATE

POLLUTIONS

COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOW = Water that bypasses treatment plant and travels straight into body of water, called, "Outfalls."

"What is a Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)?" - Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District (May 18, 2010)

COMMON CARRIER = A person or a commercial enterprise that establishes their service transports passengers or goods for a fee and is open to the public. Examples include: ship, railroad, airline, taxi service...

Differences Between a Carrier and a Freight Forwarder? A carrier is essentially hired help for last leg of a trip. A freight forwarder is essentially the middleman/person that coordinates the final destination.

COMMUTER TRAUMA = A negative affect of traveling for work

"Clarification regarding the applicability of the recording criteria for an injury occurring while commuting to from work" - Occupational Safety and Health Administration (2015)

"Determining if Injuries and Illnesses are work-related when employees commute from home to work and from a hotel to a worksite." - Occupational Safety and Health Administration (2021)

"Hypervigilance in PTSD and Other Disorders" - Verywell Mind (2023)

$$

COMPENSATION(S) = Giving material and/or monetary means to right a wrong without giving an apology. Can be willingly, or court-ordered.

CONCRETE WASHING = Coined by Shaiyel Seltzer on August 6th, 2024 in order to explain how businesses that want to hold on to products and services that not only not serve in the best interest of all animals, including human beings, and earth as a whole, and the lengths they go to keep being relevant, rather than pivot into new or old technology that indeed offers the greater good. Stems from material change for reducing fossil fuels, especially the transport of Concrete, Cement, and steel which are labor intensive and weigh a lot. Moving to cross laminated timber, which is lighter, more fire-resistant, and labor light.

Similar to "Greenwashing," concrete-washing is in whatever way possible, to save and continue one's business by any measure possible because of its pollutants, under guise that one is an ethical and moral company who a "truly cares" about environment and future, and is cutting carbon emissions on behalf of their customers, and buying carbon credits in exchange of continuing to pollute. In reality; to make money without conforming to voluntarily address climate crisis and health deterioration (example: carcinogens in products like tires); making changes or spending or losing money in order to comply with ethic and moral standards of, without any and taking glory for being an ethical company. [Example: "Make believe" credits that claim that trees are being planted when they were already going to be planted and no money was given, or another group gave money for the same planting.... There is an alternative being done to fossil fuel damage action/event.

To bolster the concrete and cement industries, in other words, keep them in business and keep margins high, any which way to make projects to sell to, especially governments is of most importance to them. So mammoth sea walls, cisterns,... are, of course mandatory. Yet, again and again they have failed. But they don't care. They just build, with no assurance, no contract ever guaranteeing their usage.

CONDUIT = A channel for water or other fluid to flow. A tube or trough for protecting electric wiring. A system, whether underground, on land, or in the air, that electricity passes through. A person who can embody and allow energy flow regarding a matter, usually of importance.

CONTINUOUS SIDEWALK(S) = An intentional pathway that is made to seamlessly go across streets, making automobiles and other tired-vehicles to go over short ramp in either direction, ensuring that all vehicles who choose to turn onto that street or are about to turn onto another, are forced to slow down. Statistics prove that stop signs do not work, as people don't change behaviour when there is nothing stopping them, so they do as they please, and the consequences are deadly.
Continuous Sidewalks show where people can be safe walking, rolling with wheelchairs, or even roller skates. When crossing a street, that part is the same height as the rest of walkway, insuring level safe passage, especially to those who have visual or other physical challenge. No longer are there challenges with water or icy collections, often large puddles on edges of streets.

A "CONTINUOUS SIDEWALK" ACROSS STREET

IT IS THE BEST TYPE OF TRAFFIC CALMING ~.IN GIBRALTER, UNITED KINGDOM

"Continuous Paths Across Minor Junctions" - Department For Transport [The Netherlands versus U.K.] (2021) [Pictures]

"A Flaw In Street Design May Be Costing Lives" - Cheddar News

COOPERATIVE = A group of people who form or join when formed. that share in running the endeavor, as well as share in the profits of the endeavor. They come in all sizes, from large geographic utilities providing electricity and more, to farms, to apartment buildings, to stores... Keeps jobs and money always local. Cooperative utilities are the least expensive to operate, of the three types. Private sector (example, bge, An Exelon Company} is most expensive, while government-owned operating cost is in between the two.

Cooperatives for a Better World

Federated Rural Electric Insurance Exchange

National Rural Electric Cooperative Association

Touchstone Energy Cooperatives

"The University of Wisconsin Center for Cooperatives"

Welcome, America's Electric Cooperatives - Cooperative.com

"Electric Co-op and Utility: What's the Difference?: There's a Wide Variety of Entities Operating Our Electrical Infrastructure. Here's Why the Difference Matters, Even if You Don't Have Much of a Choice.

ERADICATE

POLLUTIONS

CORAL BLEACHING = The whiting result of when polyps expel the zooxanthellae that live inside their tissue. There are various stressors: changes in temperature, light, and nutrients. Increasing ocean temperatures causes coral polyps to release their symbiotic algae. The "whiting" decreases availability of energy for the coral which eventually - leads to coral death.

"Coral Bleaching" - Bozeman Science

"Conservationists Take Drastic Measures to Save Coral Reefs From Climate Change" - PBS NewsHour (2024)

COSMIC IONIZING RADIATION = Type that originates from outer space, infecting, exposing high levels to those in flight altitudes; especially effects those in the flight industry (captains and crewmembers), and their passengers. Also effects astronauts, and those who live in sky stations. Little actually reaches Planet Earth.

Types of Cosmic radiation exposures on aircraft include:
always receiving galactic cosmic radiation (always present), and solar particle events, more popularly called, “solar flares.”

"Nocturnal, Diurnal, or Crepuscular?" Worksheet - Mammal Web

WOOD.

CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER (CLT) = "When layers of timber, known as lamellae, are glued together with the grain alternating at 90 degree angles for each layer. This leads to large scale plates that can be used for structural purposes. Glulam is when laminates are glued together by layering them with the grain, which produces larger and longer length members for beams, columns and diagonals." - Moelven

Rail

CROSS PLATFORM TRANSFER = A rail design that allows a train, subway, or streetcar to be able to service a stop/station/depot on the opposite side of previous depot/station/stop.

"The Lost Art of Cross-Platform Transfers" - RM Transit (2022)

CROSS-PLATFORM INTERCHANGE FOR RAIL VEHICLES

SUBWAY TRANSFERS IN QUEENSBORO PLAZA IN NEW YORK

Queensboro Plaza Station - Wikipedia

...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

CROSS VENTILIATION = A natural phenomenon where fresh air, wind, or a breeze enters upon an opening, such as a window, or door, and flows directly through the space and exits through another opening often on opposite side of the building, where there is lower air pressure.

CULTIVATE = To grow in a prepared medium culture microorganisms. To birth, start a culture from. Scientifically, a monitored expression of whether cultures will grow in various environments

CULTIVATION = The act of growth.
The act of developing the intellectual and moral faculties especially by education. Expert care and training.

CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE [Cultural Quotient] = The ability, capability, and adaptability to have the skills to relate and work effectively in culturally diverse situations, respecting boundaries, and achieving prosperity in multiple cultures. a wide range of settings.

London Business School professor P. Christopher Earley and Nanyang Business School professor Soon Ang coined this concept in 2003.

CULTURE = All ways of daily life for a society: Beliefs, Manners, Customs (Rites of Passage), Attitudes, Values, Morals, Religion, Rituals, Stories (non- and fiction, fables, parables...), Food, Dress, Language, Art, Music and Instruments, materials used to make things of intrinsic and of decorative, religious, or visual expression of language nature, and institutions of a population that are lived daily, and are passed down from generation to generation. Sometimes designated to certain racial features due to where geographically dwell.

"We ought to blame the culture, not the soil." - Alexander Pope

"Cultural Awareness" Series - Boston University School of Public Health

CULTURE [General] = The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution or organization
a corporate culture focused on the bottom line
To be acquainted with and taste in fine arts, humanities, and broad aspects of science as distinguished from vocational and technical skills. Anthropologist/Anthropology. An elevation; enlightenment and excellence of taste acquired by intellectual and aesthetic training.

CULTURE [Scientific] = The act or process of cultivating living material (such as bacteria or viruses) in prepared nutrient media. A product of such cultivation

CULTURE SHOCK = The experience - feeling of disorientation by someone who is suddenly submerged into an unfamiliar culture, way of life, and/or set of attitudes. The struggle to acclimate to another place of living/lifestyle.

"Culture Shock" - Boston University School of Public Health

CULVERT = A channel or tunnel used to move water or steam through a pipe, or made by earth, stone, metal, wood, concrete.... often past an obstacle. A channel tunnel carrying a stream or open drain under a road or railroad.

"Culvert" - Wikipedia

Types of Culverts - Civiconcepts

DAY = A complete rotation of the Earth's axial tilt around the sun. A specific time frame: a one 24 hour period, from 12:00 A.M. to 12:00 A.M.. Term can be used without any certain amount of time. Passage of present to future. Counting of multi-24 hour times that represents the past - even an era.

Slang use: "Let's call it a day," meaning ending one's work.
Seek: "Axial"

DAYBREAK = When natural light emerges from the sky. Dawn.
An imaginary passage of time stoppage.

"Daybreak" - Barry Manilow

DAYLIGHT = When natural brightness from the Sun can be seen. Can be seen prior to sunrise - and past sunset.
Uses: full day |working day | solar day | sidereal day

DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME = Manmade passage of life in order to benefit leisure. The human disruption invention of time versus Star Sun and Planet Earth's rotation around it. Defying sundial. An occurrence that only human beings observe and suffer physical and emotional effects by this "out of kilter" experience due to reducing "losing" one hour between 2:00 A.M. and 3:00 A.M. The thought is that a country can save energy by changing a clock. There is no actual "light" added or "darkness" subtracted. Many countries have stopped this phenomenon; most countries in Europe, and China ending in 1991.
Please seek: "Standard Time," "Circadian" and Circadian Misalignment"

DEADHEAD = the distance a bus must travel while not in service to a beginning of a route - the driver's shift, and while also not in service, to return to the bus to its depot.

[Electric-batteried busses' routes must be located close enough to the depot so that they have enough remaining charge to return to depot after completing routes.]

DECIBEL = DB or dB = The calculation - measurement of sound loudness. Scale used to measure sound level. A unit for expressing the ratio between two physical quantities, usually amounts of acoustic or electric power, or for measuring relative loudness of sounds.

DECIBEL A = DBA or dBa = An adjusted measurement of noise that takes into account the sensitivity of the human ear to the various sound frequencies which we can hear, because the human ear does not respond equally to all frequencies. This type of decibel measurement, decibel A can be adjusted to fit human hearing. To be able to place one type of hearing next to another in order to more accurately assess the accuracy of decibel Db.

DECIBEL (dB) DRAG RACING = A competition rewarding the person who can produce the loudest sound inside a vehicle. The sound pressure level is what is being tested. The car windows and doors are often bolted. Often is the windshield that shatters. International record in 2003 was 171.5 with many unofficial records well above that. Though the measurement of decibels is made from inside the vehicle, the people that surround do experience hearing loss, even for a minute or two.

ERADICATE

POLLUTIONS

DEEP-SEA MINING = The extraction of various, usually ocean floor materials that are considered valuable. Used are large, excavators, often robotic machines that dig up and even vacuum up everything, despite want or not. This includes killing - murdering all creatures and de-rooting all vegetation in their path, destroying entire ecosystems - in other words, cleaning free of life.
This is a pollution-filled process, using bilging. Similar to land strip-mining, materials are pumped up into ships, while "debris" and wastewater are dumped into the ocean, forming large underwater sediment clouds. The slurry is then loaded onto barges and shipped to onshore processing facilities.
Today's bounty are Polymetallic nodules, also called manganese nodules. They are being branded as lithium and cobalt resource to "solve" carbon emissions - climate crisis.
Seek also, "POLYMETALLIC NODULES"

SEEK, "Deep-Sea Mining" Section Here

DEGROWTH = An economic and environmental policy of reducing levels of production and consumption within an economy in order to conserve natural resources and minimize environmental damage.

Examples: Reduce transportation costs by expanding local agriculture and producing products not or used to be available (Maryland: paper mill, soap, furniture, automobiles...).

The Degrowth Movement - Research & Degrowth

DENSE = Closely compacted in substance

DENSIFICATION = The act, design, or process of increasing numbers of matter, population.... into smaller space.
An increase of: pressure, compaction, compression, concretion. concentration - that creates density.
Rounding up to collect materials or animals, including human beings.

DENSIFY = To in inject or impregnate wood with additives under heat and pressure in order to achieve greater density and hence hardness

DENSITY = The compactness of matter. Equal to mass over volume.

"Density" - Bozeman Science

Population Density by Country - Worldostats [March 9th, 2022 Statistics with 7.9 Billion] Macau is most dense. [Population is over 8 Billion.]

DERECHO = From Spanish (/ˈdɛrətʃoʊ/ and derecho [deˈɾetʃo], 'straight' or 'direct'). A long-lived, widespread, straight-line wind storm, associated with a fast-moving group of severe thunderstorms known as a, 'Mesoscale convective system." Closely related to a tornado, which is a "twisted" wind.

"About Derechos" - NOAA-NWS-NCEP Storm Prediction Center

"What Is A Derecho? The Science Behind This Widespread Damaging Thunderstorm Danger" - The Weather Channel (May 2024)

DIA = A Greek journey-like prefix enabling to establish an action type nown, often as medical terms, in the form of compound words

DIAPAUSE = A period of time that is spontaneously interrupting the development of certain animals, marked by reduction of metabolic activity (torpor). Most notably typical of many insects and mites, a few crustaceans and snails. The suspended development is an apparent response to the approach of adverse environmental conditions. Occurs during any life stage, but most common among pupae (e.g., cocoon stage).

DIFFERENTIAL DRAG = A principle used to measure wind speed. The cause for turbines to move/spin. [Seek, "Drag."]

Hurricanes in regards to "differential drag" - Notes From the Field, Earth Observatory NASA (2018)

"Differential Drag Demonstration: A Post-Mission Experiment with the EO-1 Spacecraft" - NASA (2017)

Space Vehicle Design Criteria: "Spacecraft Aerodynamic Torques" - NASA (1971)

DIFFERENTIAL SUBSIDENCE = The uneven sinking of land. Poses significant hazards to urban infrastructure: buildings, roads, conduit systems, and other infrastructure facilities. Even worse at sea level due to sea lever rising.

DIGITAL = Signals or data expressed as series 0 and 1 digits, typically represented by values of a physical quantity such as voltage or magnetic polarization. Involves/is related to using computer technology. Uses non-continuous electric signals.

DIGITAL COMPUTER = LOG COMPUTER = Using "Discrete" values rather than "Continuous" values,

its users can continuously change entities like mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, etc. They work on analog signals. [Similar to local radio and television stations.]

"Digital Computer" = Britannica

DIGITAL DIVIDE = A organizational term that describes the uneven distribution of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in one or many societies. Currently, computers, and internet access and usage encompass the two tiers.

"Digital Divide" - Britannica

ERADICATE

END PRACTICE

DIGITAL POLLUTION = Carbon emissions used for digital activity, especially for transmission networks to, "mine" currency, often not even recognized as genuine that is not From the consumption of data centres to transmission networks to the devices we hold in our hands for hours every day.

DISEMBARK = To arrive at location desired, and remove oneself off a vehicle of travel. This word is used for boats, ships, trains, aero planes/airplanes, cable cars, aerial cable cars, and streetcars (trams).

DISINFORMATION = Actively, knowing facts, yet intentionally mislead, leading a person or audience on purpose to form a completely different conclusion. Depriving truth.

DISTRACTION = An usual outside source that makes one unable to focus on task at hand.

"Distraction: Definition and Examples" - Federal Railroad Administration

"The Art of Distraction" by Thomas J. Cottle - The Antioch Review (1993)

"Technology Distraction at Work. Impacts on Self-Regulation and Work Engagement" - Journal of Business Research (2021)

"There's a War for Your Attention. And You're Probably Losing It." - Vox (2018)

DISTRACTION INDUSTRY/IES =

"Say No to the Distraction-Industrial Complex There's Nothing Wrong With Connectivity as Long as We Engage on Our Own Terms" - The Wall Street Journal (2014)

"The Distraction Economy: How Technology Downgraded Attention" The Guardian (2014)

DISTRICT ENERGY SYSTEMS = One or more central plants that produce hot water and steam for heat and hot water, and/or chilled water for cooling/air conditioning, which then flows through a network of insulated pipes thereby making a network of service through nearby buildings, whether residential, commercial and other use.

"District Energy System Overview: Combined Heat and Power Technology Fact Sheet Series: District Energy System Overview" - U.S. Energy Information Administration (2018/2020)

"An Introduction to District Heating Systems" - City Beautiful (2023)

"District Heating" - International District Energy Association (IDEA)

"Geothermal District Heating" - Oregon Institute of Technology - U.S. Energy Information Administration (2015)

"Increased Diurnal Activity Is Indicative of Energy Deficit in a Nocturnal Mammal, the Aardvark" - Environmental, Aviation, and Space Physiology (2020)

DOMINANT = One who exerts power over another. Biology: One of two versions of a gene that seems more in control. [The other is recessive.] When multiples; a majority.
Seek: "Recessive"

"Dominant" - National Human Genome Research Institute

DOMINANT ANTHROPOGENIC = Direct Human abuse and intervention of natural order of nature
Seek "Anthropogenic"

"Anthropogenic Influence in Observed Regional Warming Trends and the Implied Social Time of Emergence" - Communications Earth & Environment volume (2021)

DRAG = The action of pulling something forcefully, roughly, and /or with difficulty. Agitating a material object.

"What is Drag?" - NASA

DRAYAGE = A short distanced move, often by a side-less vehicle

EASTERLIN PARADOX = A theory/concept that claims that after basic human needs are met, economic growth and higher incomes don't necessarily lead to greater happiness.

ERADICATE

END USE

ECOCIDE = The destruction of Planet Earth's natural environment by deliberate or negligent human action, usually for monetary and material gain. American biologist Arthur Galston coined the term in 1970 at the Conference on War and National Responsibility. Examples include: Deforestation, dumping chemicals into water, air, soil, on any living creatures or plants, using pollutant-based emission releasing items run by gasoline, petroleum, propane, oil, and/or coal,

ECOCIDE LAWS IN COUNTRIES

ECOCIDE LAW

ECO-THERAPY = Health mode submerging oneself in nature. A natural practice that is repetitive and accumulative.

$$

ECONOMIC GARDENING = An economic development model embracing the fundamental idea that entrepreneurs drive economies. Focuses, seeks to create jobs by supporting existing local companies.

ECOSYSTEM = A geographic landscape and climatic area where plants, animals, and other biotic organisms, and abiotic parts/factors are together relying on each other to live. Some biotics are producers, decomposers, and consumers.

4 TYPES:
1. Terrestrial: Deserts 30% Savannahs and Tropical Grasslands 20%, Jungles 23%, Temperate Forests and Tundra 17% Cultivation areas 10%
2. Aquatic Ecosystems: Marine and Freshwater
3. Mixed Ecosystems: Located between 2 types of terrains: Wetlands, Mangroves, Marshes, and Coasts
4. Artificial Ecosystems: Urban, Agricultural, and Reservoir

"4 Types of Ecosystems and their Definitions" - The Daily Eco (2020)

"Why Is Biodiversity Important To Ecosystems?" - Dynamic Earth Learning

Ecosystem - National Geographic Society

οἰκιστικός EKISTICS = The science of human settlements. Commons. Communion. Communes. Sociology. Biology.

Greek. Term coined by Constantinos Apostolos Doxiadis in 1942. Word is derived from the Greek adjective, οἰκιστικός.

Konstantinos Apostolou Doxiades

Ekistics: An Introduction to the Science of Human Settlements - Konstantinos Apostolou Doxiades (1968) [Book]

"Ekistics, the Science of Human Settlements: Ekistics Starts With the Premise that Human Settlements are Susceptible of Systematic Investigation" - Science (1970)

"Ekistics, the Science of Human Settlements" - Ekistics, Athens Center of Ekistics (1972)

ERADICATE

POLLUTIONS

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD (EMF) = Also known as radiation.

Full meaning soon.

NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE ~ NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH

"Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) and Cancer Fact Sheet" - National Cancer Institute - National Institute of Health (NIH) [Radiation]

EMBANKMENT = A section of a body of water, like a river, that water hits, but is not easily eroding. A compacted heavy pile of dirt that can be molded

EMBARK = To board upon a vehicle of travel that you desire. This word is used for boats, ships, trains, aero planes/airplanes, cable cars, aerial cable cars, and streetcars (trams).

MONEY

EMERGENCY FUND = A separated amount of money that in even of an urgent need, can be used. Often it is to replace income in event of losing one's job.

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE + The ability to decipher feelings of one's own, and others

"Some people may be blessed with more natural emotional intelligence than others, but as a general rule, aim to act like a respectable adult, rather than a glorified child. Another trait that turns people off is a lack of emotional intelligence. In fact, emotionally unintelligent people are often impossible to get along with. Emotionally unintelligent people will often exhibit behaviors such as making conversations all about themselves, bullying people, and lying to avoid consequences."

ENERGY = The ability to do work. The ability to make something move.

ENERGY 101 = Learning the basics of what it is, and how it works

ENERGY CONSERVATION = The effort to reduce consumption through using less - of everything. Using less products and services allows those products and services be there for others. When purchasing a product from a shelf, one is actually purchasing the product to be made to replace it through a new order.
So whether it is personally using fuels: using gas, electric, wood and fire, petrol, kerosene... or others using it on your behalf (work, stores, hospitals, manufacturing companies...), it is important to gage, be aware, and make better choices. Do errands together with going to farthest place first. If driving, this lessens that amount of traffic one encounters - less idling time. Bring easily-weighed glass containers to purchase bulk food items. Choose items that has the least amount of packaging. Wear clothes in layers and sweaters.
THREE MAIN : Power emissions (how fuels and power is made/converted), building gas/carbon emissions, and transportation gas/carbon emissions

Allows less energy to replace wasteful energy consumption.

ADVANTAGES achieved through efficient energy use include: reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, smaller carbon footprint, as well as cost, water, and utility savings.

"Preliminary US Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimates for 2022" - Rhodium Group Research (2023)

ENERGY-FROM-WASTE (EFW) = A resource recovery option after recycling that produces energy through trash instead of landfill disposal

$$

ENERGY POVERTY = Inability to afford any utilities, especially for lifesaving heat in winter, and cooling to abate scorching heat. Not able to make one's own needs met. The lack of access to type of energy that is in tune to where one lives, and financial viability one can pay if cannot make on own.

There are several factors for rising utilities. The type of fuel can be more connected to global market expenditure than mining costs, like oil/petroleum/kerosene... Local fuels, like coal, has much more expenditure of mining costs. Not "natural' gas and nuclear go on multi-state market. Gas miner/frackers sell to the "middle man" - the market. Nuclear is also sold this way, but has toxic waste removal costs that can raise prices.

But the BIGGEST FACTOR? Stockholders wanting more profits.

There are 3 types of Utility / Energy Companies:
* Cooperative = All Users are in part "owner," of which
Patronage Dividends are given [Least expensive to run and least costly bills. Rarely raises rates.]
* City/Town Owned = The government body receives profit to then serve their people in collective goods and services [Second least expensive to run and second least costly bills. Raises rate in projective mode, so also rarely raises rates.]
* Private Sector = Privately owned is controlled by Stockholders, whose interest is to make profit. Any, "Improvement" is directly regarding boosting and insuring that their stockholders' businesses will continue to be in good standing assurance that keeps relevant and needed - on purpose. [For-Profit Exelon, coned, peco, pepco, bge... - An Exelon Company insure that "Natural" gas producers - mainly frackers of shale, continue to be profitable and necessary. Gas lines and plants expand with Exelon. Yet, Gas = Gas Emissions. Not "natural" gas even warms through pipes Baltimore land. Nuclear monopoly gives Exelon complete power, control in prices, and no one can regulate their supposed costs. MOST COSTLY. RAISES RATES NEARLY ANNUALLY, EVEN TWICE IN A YEAR, AND EVEN ANNOUNCES YEARS IN ADVANCE THE PRICE HIKES.]

"Private Sector" creates the most energy poverty.

Those going without, off grid without means, choose fire, gas and kerosene generators, often resulting in burning homes, even blocks of houses, and death rates. Even firefighters die.

"Damilola Ogunbiyi: Ending energy poverty saves lives and the planet" - United Nations [Video Interview]

ENGAGEMENT FARMING = Ways that spammy conspiracies are able to explain the world in low quality means in order to find someone that is interested in what message they are attempting to convey. Usually via computer social media these days, but print media still prevalent, especially through political campaigns. Limited education.

"What To Post? Understanding Engagement Cultivation in Microblogging with Big Data-Driven theory Building" - International Journal of Information Management (2021)

ENGINEER = A person whose profession, with credentials (licensed, registered, bonded...), studies, designs, builds mechanical, electric and technical machines (such as engines) and devices (like geothermal and plumbing systems), for industries, public works (such as bridges), and maintains them, offering new and innovative solutions and acclivity.

"Engineering and Architecture Occupations: Occupational Outlook Handbook" - U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics - Office of Occupational Statistics and Employment Projections

TRAIN

ENGINEER = A person who is trained and has the ability to drive, run, fix, and maintains vehicles, most commonly - trains. Even often owns the mode of transportation driven and run.

ENTHALPY = The sum of internal energy; pressure times volume. There is no measurement ability of a system, but changes can be determined. Used to collect energy through soil levels in the crust surface. A type of "loop" geothermal system can be used without drilling into water source below crust.

Biology:
Energy that is stored in bonds, that is only determined by the difference in bond energies between products and reactants. A negative ∆H means heat is moving - being released from reactants to products, while a positive ∆H means heat is being absorbed by products into reactants.

Coming Soon!
ENTHALPY GEOTHERMAL ENERGY =

The sum of internal energy; pressure times volume. There is no measurement ability of a system, but changes can be determined. Used to collect energy through soil levels in the crust surface. A type of "loop" geothermal system can be used without drilling into water source below crust.

LOW-ENTHALPY GEOTHERMAL ENERGY =

"Low-Enthalpy Geothermal Energy Resources From Groundwater in Fluvioglacial Gravels of Buried Valleys" - Applied Energy (2003)

HIGH-ENTHALPY GEOTHERMAL ENERGY =

ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY = The process of which, regardless of income, race, and other characteristics protection from environmental hazards as well as access to environmental benefits occur.

"Environmental Equity" - UCLA Luskin Center for Innovation

ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE =

"Learn About Environmental Justice" - Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

"Environmental Justice" - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)

Mustafa Santiago Ali - Enviro Close Up - Part 1

Mustafa Santiago Ali - Enviro Close Up - Part 2

WHEN ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE GOES WRONG (Seek "Reparations" section for more)

"Judge Bars EPA From Enforcing Civil Rights Act Provision in Louisiana" - National Minority Quality Forum (January 31, 2024)

ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM =

"Defining Environmental Justice and Environmental Racism" - Ryan Holifield, Department of Geography University of Georgia

"Tribute To Cecil Corbin-Mark" - "Enviro Close Up" (2020)

ENVIRONMENTAL TOLL OF CONSUMPTION = With human beings being consumers part of food chain and various ecosystems, it is the impact human beings cause, and the consequences that are made that humanity must be responsible of, and individually for those who directly consume in a particular manner. The resolve(s) must be found.
Seek: "Thermoplastics," "Thermosets" and "Microplastics," "Plastic," and "Consumption"

"World in Disarray: What is the Environmental Toll of Consumerism?"

"The True Cost of Consumption: the European Union's Land Footprint" - Friends of the Earth Europe (July 2016)

"Earth Suffers as Consumerism Spreads" - National Geographic (2004)

"Over-Consumption in the World's Richest Countries is Destroying Children's Environments Globally" - UNICEF (May 2022)

"Places and Spaces Environments and Children's Well-Being: UNICEF Report Shows That Few Rich Countries Provide Healthy Environments for Children" - UNICEF (May 25, 2022)

"How Does Meat in the Diet Take an Environmental Toll?" - Scientific American (December 2011)

"Eating Lots of Meat is Bad For the Environment - But We Don't Know Enough About How Consumption is Changing" - World Economic Forum (November 4, 2022)

EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE (EHD) = A viral disease mainly effecting white-tailed deer that is transmitted by biting midges. Increase due to Greenhouse Effect, Climate Change, and Global Warming due to increased hot and dry weather. Also called, "No-see-ums" or "Punkies". Not able to be spread directly from deer to deer, nor humans can be infected by contact with deer or bites from midges.

EQUALITY = Equality means each individual or group of people is given the same resources or opportunities. Equity recognizes that each person has different circumstances and allocates the exact resources and opportunities needed to reach an equal outcome.

EQUITY = Equal opportunity restored through measures of various methods of opportunities (such as public transportation to go where cannot without automobile, especially when it used to be available) and/or compensation to bring to same level as everyone else. Can be gender-based, race-based, class/economically-based, religious-based, or physically challenged-base.

While assets represent the value the company owns, equity represents investment provided in exchange for a stake in the company

"Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government" [Executive Order 13985: Signed by President Biden January 20th, 2021]

ERRORS AND OMISSIONS (E&O) INSURANCE = A type of professional liability insurance that protects companies, their workers, and other professionals against claims of inadequate work or negligent actions. Usually to deliberately state lies for a financial or power grab purpose. "Media" - as large monopolistic endeavors take advantage with "opinion' shows marketed as "news" shows (radio and television).

"Errors and Omissions (E&O) Insurance: What It Covers" - Investopedia (2922)

ERUPTION = A large outburst, usually from seemingly solid ground.

ETERNALISM = Past, Present, and Future are equally real in the scheme of time. In other wards; forever.

ETHNOBOTANIST =

EUCLIDIAN ZONING = A type of zoning that does not allow for mix use, keeping residential and commercial and schools and government buildings separate. Reason for why suburbs continue to be designed; a sea of houses in suburbs, especially cul-de-sacs, without anywhere to walk to except by automobile. Car-centric zoning.
Separating use of land by purpose: residential, commercial, retail, industrial, recreational.... Frequently associated with development patterns of suburbia. Most common form of controlling interests zoning code - a local legal tool for controlling the uses and development of land, in the United States. Named after Euclid, Ohio.

EUCLIDIAN ZONING: "The Lively & Livable Neighbourhoods that are Illegal in Most of North America" - Not Just Bikes

EUPHEMISM = A word or phrase that enables speaker to be on purpose indirect. It substitutes for softening an uncomfortable topic. Figurative language to refer to a situation without having to actually confronting it. It is used in positive ways, such as bad news to a child, like a death, and negative ways to not tell the truth, especially regarding oneself. It is a way, "To save grace." Reframing for example, one recently fired from a job often say, "I'm between jobs" - "unemployed" euphemism.

EXIT = A way to get out, to free oneself of some kind of entrapment, whether intentional or unintentional. Many times are lead by signs, especially in big buildings as to how one may leave.

EXURBS = Where roads are built and no one lives or works there. Suburban destinations with no development - nothing. Railways and streetcar routes were built this way, which built suburbs. Today, new suburb development is reserved for automobiles with transit as an after-thought, if at all. But also today, cities are recognizing that streetcars are their "development" dream love, bringing back what worked in the first place.

FARMING = A deliberate agricultural way of growing crops and livestock that is meant to be sold to others outside one's family for food. In terms of crops, usually seeded to grow in rows.

"Farm, Farming and Who's a Farmer for Tax Purposes" - Rural Tax Education (2022)

Definition of Agriculture & Farming Similarities - Connecticut General Statutes, Sec. 1-1 (q)

Toxic

FENCELINE COMMUNITY = Usually a group of multiple neighborhoods that are immediately adjacent to highly polluting facilities: fossil fuel infrastructure, or large manufacturing and industrial parks, military bases, and any industrial or service center. Directly affected by noise, odors, chemical emissions, traffic, parking, or operations of the companies/government entities....

"Health Status in Fence-Line Communities: The Impact of Air Pollution" - International Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care (2021)

"EPA Releases Screening Methodology to Evaluate Chemical Exposures and Risks to Fenceline Communities - Environmental Protection Agency (2022)

"TSCA Screening Level Approach for Assessing Ambient Air and Water Exposures to Fenceline Communities" - EPA (2023)

TRAIN

FERROEQUINOLOGIST = Iron horse aficionado [Latin: ferro- + equino] A person who is recreationally interested in trains and rail transport systems. In any capacity directly or indirectly works for a living via train industry, even restauranters and inns.

Alternative terms / also known as: Railfan, Rail Buff, Train Buff, Railway Enthusiast, Railway Buff or Trainspotter

"Dakota Life: Preserving South Dakota's Iron Horse Legacy" Dakota Life - South Dakota Public Broadcasting (SDPB)

FERRY = A type of waterproofed craft vehicle that carries people, goods, and smaller vehicles to and from a certain port destination across a body of water, usually bound with schedule service. Fueled by steam (boiling water {wood and coal used to be burned}), gasoline, roto sail (wind), and hydrogen power.

FLEX ALERT = Thermostat-Adjustments. A call for consumers to voluntarily conserve electricity when there is an anticipated shortage of energy supply, especially if grid operator needs to use reserves to maintain grid integrity. When consumers reduce electricity use during a flex alert, it can prevent more dire emergency measures, including rotating power outages. A statewide declaration, usually by a Governor.

FLUID = Movable form or body due to main ingredient, water

FLUIDS = Liquid in form with main ingredient as water. All fluids deteriorate

FLUME = A deep narrow channel or ravine with stream running through them.
Also, an artificial channel using water, usually used for transporting logs and other timber pieced.
And, An amusement park water-chute ride.

FLUOROPOLYMER(S) = A fluoropolymer is a fluorocarbon-based polymer with multiple carbon–fluorine bonds. It's character is high resistance to solvents, acids, and bases. The most well known fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene - trademarked by the DuPont Company as, "Teflon."

FLYBALL = Please seek, "Governor"

FLYGSKAM = The selfish and self-centered indulgence of a person taking airplane trips, especially short trips, and through those trips, adding to carbon emissions, instead of choice of taking trains. Flight-shaming. A German slang word.

TRAIN

FOAMER(S) = A slang word that railroad employees use amongst themselves to refer to rail buffs because of their reaction - foaming at the mouth anytime they see a train. An obsessed rail fan who makes a spectacle of him/herself over any aspect of rail and rail life. Derogatory term.

Seek: "Gunzel"

"A Railfan Reflects" by Jim Cameron, Connecticut Mirror (2018)

ARE YOU A FOAMER? QUIZ: "There's No Shame in Being a Foamer" - Good (2014)

"FOAMERS": a short skit - Grayden John (2012)

FOOD = Substance(s) consumed that consists of protein, carbohydrate, fat, and other nutrients used in organism bodies to sustain growth and vital processes and to furnish energy.

"Your Food Is Lying To You" - Climate Town (2023)

FOOD DESERT = An area where at least one third of the population lives greater than one mile away from a supermarket.

FOOTLOOSE = Migratory person or people

FOREST BATH/BATHE/BATHING [SHINRIN-YOKU] = Immersing oneself in nature, usually within a forest. Meditating in a forest. Mindful walking in nature. Having science supported physiological benefits. What is good for us is time spent immersed in nature. Eco-therapy.

Seek, "Shinrin-Yoku" for more.

"The Secret to Mindful Travel? A Walk in the Woods" - National Geographic

FREEDOM = The power to express oneself without infringing on another's ability to do so too. The right to think, speak, or act as one wants without hindrance or restraint.

"What Is Freedom?" - Alliance Defending Freedom

FREIGHT FORWARDER = A third party who coordinates and helps organize shipments on behalf of individuals or businesses through setting up contracts with one or more carriers to transport the goods.

Differences Between a Carrier and a Freight Forwarder? A carrier is essentially hired help for last leg of a trip. A freight forwarder is essentially the middleman/person that coordinates the final destination.

FUGITIVE EMISSIONS = Usually pressurized leaks that escape into air, water, and earth sediments.

REPORT: "Fugitive Emissions: A Blind Spot in the Fight Against Climate Change" - Climate Chance (2018)

"Interpretation of the Definition of Fugitive Emissions" - Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1999)

"Fugitive Emissions | New Source Review (NSR) Permitting 1977 Clean Air Act Amendment" - Environmental Protection Agency

FUNCTIONAL REDUNDANCY = The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem working. Type example: Biomass growth

Though it may "look" like, a species must be identical in all manners, to qualify for "ecosystem redundancy." It is impossible to know, as we are merely humans, and cannot know the living experience of that species.

"The Extent of Functional Redundancy Changes as Species' Roles Shift in Different Environments" - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) (2015)

GABIONS = "Big cage," used to hold usually rocks to retain hillsides

GENERATION & TRANSMISSION COOPERATIVE (G&T) =

"Cooperative Services" - USDA

GENETICS = Method of which heredity continues in life. Gregor Johann Mendel is an icon, known as, "The Father of Genetics"
Seek: "Recessive" and "Dominant"

"Classical Genetics" Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

"Gregor Mendel" - Biography

Mendel 200

"Mendel: Influence and Inheritance" - The NHS Constitution

"Gregor Mendel: The Father of Modern Genetics" - Nature League

GEO = Earth THERMAL = Heat and/or warmth

GEOPHYSICAL LOGGING = Any number of techniques that measure some electrical, chemical, or radioactive property of a subsurface: either characteristic of ground water or naturally occurring ground water inside rocks.

"Geophysical Log Analysis of Aquifer Properties in the Dakota Aquifer Framework" - Kansas Geological Survey

"Records for Geophysical Logging Methods" - U.S. Federal Science - U.S. Department of Energy

GEOTHERMAL = Warmth or Heat of the Earth

SEEK: GEOTHERMAL

GHOST BUSES = Busses that are to arrive, but never show up - either not on time, or not at all (yes, even your telephone bus "tracker" disappears). There are a variety of reasons: breakdowns, operators not on time to work, operators who choose to run route with, "Off Duty" or "Not In Service" or selecting what stops they choose to service. Many do not send an alternative bus when break down. This used to not be the case. The excuse made is that there are not enough bus drivers/operators.

GLOBAL STOCKTAKE = A fundamental component of the Paris Agreement used to monitor its implementation and evaluate the collective progress made in achieving agreed goals amongst the world's countries. It's mission is to raise climate ambition and execution of meeting and exceeding nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Ending the rise in average global temperature to well below 2°C compared with pre-industrial levels is one of the goals.

"Explaining the First 'Global Stocktake' of Climate Action" - World Recourses Institute (2022)

HEAT

GLOBAL WARMING = The rise in global mean temperature due to an increase of heat-trapping greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. Scientists worldwide have determined through surface and atmospheric temperatures worldwide and from satellites that the global mean temperature has risen 0.8 degrees C, since 1880.

WOOD.

GLULAM = Glued laminated timber, or GLT. "A type of structural engineered wood product constituted by layers of dimensional lumber (lamellae) bonded together with durable, moisture-resistant structural adhesives. The lamellae are planed and glued on the faces; with the grain laying parallel to layers above and below. The individual lamella is selected and positioned according to defects and grain structure to maximize structural integrity. Glulam is a versatile structural product that can be made for straight, cambered and bent/arch applications, and other arrangements. It is available in standard dimensional and custom sizes." - Moelven

GLUTTONY = Latin Gluttire: "to gulp down or swallow" Overindulging, usually regarding food and drink consumption. Greed. Rapacity. Voracity. Greediness. Voraciousness. Piggishness... Act of seeking instant gratification through gaining dependence via materialistic things. Christian: one of seven deadly sins.

GONDOLA = An open to the top railcar that loose materials can be poured into easily, like salt or coal

CANAL

GONGOOZLER = [British] A canal enthusiast

GOVERNOR / SPEED GOVERNOR = A device used to measure and regulate the speed of a machine, such as an engine within a motor vehicle. Also known as a speed limiter or controller.
Reciprocating steam engines: Centrifugal, Watt, and Fly-Ball Governors are still used today. Using the effect of inertial force on rotating weights, the machine output shaft is driven to regulate its speed by altering the input flow of steam.

GRAVITY = The heaviness of something. The pull a planet has to an object that gives a denomination of weight.

Gravity Visualized (2012)

GRAVITY = The measure of devastating news that affects someone deeply.

GRAVITY ROAD = Term that is more well known as, "Rails." Rails were invented in England to move heavily loaded wheeled wagons, and other cargo-oriented vehicles. The first North American one was erected in 1764 for military purposes at the Niagara portage in Lewiston, New York. The builder was Capt. John Montressor, a British engineer known to students of historical cartography as a mapmaker.

GRAY INFRASTRUCTURE = Relies on moving water quickly through concrete, storm drains, and pipes, depleting ability for surfaces - land to cool, and no ability for ground and soil to hold water - be spongy through the goal to "be dry." Water quality is reduced. Constructed fragmented natural environments due to gutters, drain systems...

"Green versus Gray Infrastructure" - E&LP Associates (Oct 2, 2020) [New Jersey Law changes]

"Shifting the World from Grey to Green" - Steve Whitman | TEDx Trestle View Park - TEDx Talks (Oct 1, 2018)

THE GREAT REPLACEMENT / THE GREAT REPLACEMENT THEORY = The belief that one type of people, race, religion... are disposable to another, and therefore can fill a void. The forced ability to remove one type of people, ginned up by fear.

"The Great Replacement: An Explainer" - Anti-Defamation League (ADL)

"Great Replacement" - American Jewish Committee (AJC)

GREEN AND GREEN-BLUE CONNECTIONS = Bringing about repair through continuous green spaces and waterways - as best as like it used to be (before human destruction), especially urban and suburbs. [Rousseau's "Back to nature."]

GREEN INFRRASTRUCTURE = For slowing water movement and cooling land through vegetation and trees create to reduce soil erosion loss. It also avails the ability to collect more water for ability to address drought.

"Green Infrastructure for Runoff | Elizabeth Fassman-Beck, Ph.D. | TEDx Stevens Institute of Technology - TEDx Talks (Sep 21, 2018)

"Shifting the World from Grey to Green" - Steve Whitman | TEDx Trestle View Park - TEDx Talks (Oct 1, 2018)

GREEN TRACKS / GREEN TRAM TRACKS = Rails that Streetcars, Trams, Trikken.... ride upon, surrounded by vegetation

"Why Your City Needs Green Tram Tracks?" - City for All

THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT +

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

"Greenhouse Effect 101" - National Resources Defense Council

$$$$

GREENWASHING = The marketing pretense of attempting to convey a product or service is ecologically sound, when it is not, in order to make money. Purchasing "Credits" in order to make product or service, become, like, "sustainable!"

"What is Greenwashing?" - National Resources Defense Council (2023)

"Explainer: What is Greenwashing?" - Earth.org (2022)

"What Is Greenwashing? How It Works, Examples, and Statistics" - Investopedia (2023)

GROUND MODIFICATION = The ability to hold loads of materials to reinforce - even walls

GUIDANCE PATH SURFACE = A walkway specifically designed with a separation in order to lead, especially people with poor vision and blind the ability to feel the boundary in order to know where to walk, in order to keep them safe from harm.

TRAIN

GUNZEL = [Australian slang] A person who is an excessive train enthusiast. A simpleton with interest in trains who could be off-putting. Derogatory.
Seek: "Foamer."

TRAIN

HAULAGE = The business of transporting every conceivable bulk good: from live animals (cartage or drayage), to materials to finished goods, food, coal and oil, and chemicals and waste removal by rail or road between suppliers and large consumer outlets, factories, warehouses, or depots.
Goods meant to be moved to various locations are loaded into large trailers or carriages.
Seek: "Horizontal Transport"

HAULAGE SHIFTS = Those who are responsible for moving cargo, often working long and challenging hours. Often sleep in their vehicles, such as truck drivers, and tending to hygiene (showers...) and eating at rest stops.
Seek: "Haulage"

HEAT DEATH = (physics) The state of ending. A thermodynamic system having reached a maximum entropy; temperature is uniform throughout, and no energy is available to do work.
The fate of the universe, being in a state of uniform distribution of energy. It is corollary of second law of thermodynamics.
: an ultimate state of thermal equilibrium implying conditions of maximum entropy and zero available energy that according to the laws of thermodynamics the material universe is apparently approaching

HEINRICH EVENTS = Named after marine geologist Hartmut Heinrich who first described the natural phenomenon, large groupings of icebergs break off from Laurentide Ice Sheet and traverse Hudson Strait into Northern Atlantic Ocean. They occur during five of the last seven glacial periods over the past 640,000 years. They are well documented for the last glacial period, but notably absent from the penultimate glaciation.
The icebergs contained rock mass eroded by the glaciers, and as they melted, this material was dropped to the sea floor as ice rafted debris (abbreviated to "IRD") forming deposits called< "Heinrich layers."

"Heinrich Events: Massive Late Pleistocene Detritus Layers of the North Atlantic and Their Global Climate Imprint" - Reviews of Geophysics (March 2024)

HIGH-SPEED RAIL = Legal definition is a train that sustains 125 miles per hour or more during entire trip.

49 U.S. Code § 26105 - Definitions

49 USC 26106: High-Speed Rail Corridor Development

HISTORICAL TRAUMA = A multigenerational emotional trespass experienced by a specific racial, ethnic, or cultural group. Major events, such as captured slavery, genocide, crusades, sold slavery, relocations, forced migration, pogroms, Holocausts that oppressed a particular group of people. Cellular memory.

HORIZONTAL TRANSPORT = Moving items in a forward or backward motion, usually placed into a vehicle, especially trains.
Seek: "Haulage"

HOUSE = A dwelling where one, or more than one lives that is made for personal living. There is a personal door, roof, and foundation. Some townhouses, or row-houses share walls.

HOMEOWNER(S)/HOMEOWNERSHIP = Those who live in a dwelling that is used exclusively for shelter. There is no monetary value, but great social, economic, and citizenry value used for the purpose of shelter. Monetary value is possible only when a dwelling is for sale. A dwelling that is owned creates: an immediate estate, provides one's family stability, roots in a neighborhood, leading to activism due to monetary investment in purchasing the home, and ability to use the estate for purchasing another home, or sell to solve for emergency purposes (unfortunately usually health).

HUMANISM = The belief of goodness and values. A system of thought attaching human being importance, understanding the world on science and reason rather than supernatural or divine beliefs.
To have responsibility to respect and care for each another, all creatures, and the natural world. "Being a humanist." The integrated rational self and conditioned nature of the individual.
A Renaissance cultural movement turning away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought and customs.
noun: Humanism

"What is Humanism?" - Humanism International

"What is Humanism?" - Understanding Humanism

HYDROGEN = Water and Generate. Greek

HYDROPONICS = Using water to grow plants, especially fruits and vegetables, without, or little soil.

HYDROPOWER = The movement of water, whether naturally via wind, mechanically derived, or forced paths, like canals, waterwheels, and/or dams, that because of those created movements, creates - generates energy.

"Hydropower Explained" - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)

Hydropower Basics - United States Department of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

ERADICATE

POLLUTIONS

HYPOXIA / DEAD ZONE - When there is insufficient oxygen for tissue to maintain adequate homeostasis, stemming from various causes such as: hypoventilation, ventilation-perfusion mismatch, or right-to-left shunting. It can manifest acutely or chronically, with varying presentations from dyspnea to tachypnea. Often called, "Dead Zone(s), to describe the lack of life in a body of water, whether bay, sea, or ocean.

"Hypoxia 101" - Environmental Protection Agency

"The Dead Zone: When Nutrient-Fueled Algae Blooms Die and Decompose, the Resulting Low-Oxygen Conditions Known as Dead Zones-can Suffocate Underwater Life and Shrink Available Habitat." - Chesapeake Bay Program

HYSTERESIS = a material, for example rubber, behaving differently in compression and decompression, even if the final shape looks the same. A property that loses energy.

IDENTITY= Ability to know what something, or who someone is. Characteristics that help define. Discriminate.
Example: Has fur, two conelike ears, four legs, one tail, whiskers on cheeks and above eyes. This most likely is a feline - part of the cat family.

IGNORANCE = The state of being ignorant: lacking knowledge, understanding, or education. The refusal to glean knowledge, become educated, and understand a problem or subject in order to assume a position of, "I didn't know." This is done often for political and financial motives in order to cover oneself from being implicated in a court case, should corruption ever arise.

"The Demons of Ignorance" - "The Phantom Tollbooth"

IMPRIMATUR = Acceptance. A person's acceptance or guarantee that something is of a good standard.

INCREMENT = Increase. Often used in context of small increases.

INDIGENOUS = Original, usually used to originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native. Produced, growing, living, or occurring natively or naturally in a particular region or environment, such as plants.
(of people) inhabiting or existing in a land from the earliest times or from before the arrival of colonists.

INDIGENOUS PEOPLES = Descendants of those who inhabited prior to colonization, especially European colonization.

Inheritors and practitioners of unique cultures and ways of relating to people and the environment. Retained social, cultural, economic and political characteristics that are distinct from those of the dominant societies in which they live.

INDIGENOUS SCIENCE = Focused on knowledge of environment and ecosystems that Indigenous Peoples live and experience. A distinct, time-tested, and methodological knowledge system that enhances and complements western science.

"Time to Support Indigenous Science" - Science Magazine (2024)

INDIRECT EFFECT = A change of one factor on another through one or more intervening variables

A principle of European Union (EU) Law. The member states are required to have their national courts interpret national law in line with provisions of European Union law.

[Further comprehension/reading: "Dependent" and "independent variables" and "causation" and, "compare direct effects." Not same as "secondary effects"]

FINANCE

"Induced Demand: the great intellectual black hole in city planning, the one professional certainty that every thoughtful person seems to acknowledge, yet almost no one is willing to act upon." - City Planner Jeff Speck

INDUCED DEMAND = The economic phenomenon whereby an increase in supply results in a decline in price, therefore most likely bringing an increase in purchase or use - consumption. Forcing an outcome of economic worth. The main economic theory of "Supply and Demand."

Please seek, "INDUCED TRAFFIC" as transportation: road and rail usage in regards to vehicles is a specific type of, "Induced Demand." The worst kind is in regards to tired-vehicles on roads due to more and more single drivers, and further increase of trucks due to reduction of train use for product transport into cities directly (which adds costs to products we purchase, especially at the grocery store).

Related to, "Latent Demand" and "Generated Demand"

INDUCED TRAFFIC = The consumption of road capacity. Theory that relieving slow to no tired-vehicle movement is due to congestion, so solve it is to add new lanes. This theory always fails: that expanding streets, stroads, especially highways at first makes traffic go quicker, only for more drivers to fill in, making them go slower again, making the problem only worse. This also increases the amount and opportunity of enraged drivers, car crashes, into each other and killing of pedestrians, for the sake of wanting to speed (individual choice, yet no punishment for murder). Urban sprawl, with little to no public transportation pre-thought, or on purpose avoidance of "developers" force people to even get high interest loans to purchase automobiles, and attempt to afford repairs, insurance, parts, tickets.... This in turn, there are uninsured drivers, as well as other people who should not be driving (losing sight often as age...) Dependable and frequent public transportation, like streetcars, entice people to take it, knowing they will get to where they need, because a Transportation System - governing body offers everyone a Universal system, offering the same opportunity to go everywhere, without an automobile. The main thing, the most ironic thing is, those who fight public transportation to exist are the ones who complain about traffic. They do not understand that they just may have, "smooth sailing" if it was built. Heck, they may just take it themselves, as long as it is not a bus.

Creation and expansion of transportation systems immediately curbs all the space cars take up, thereby eliminating vastly traffic capacity as a cure for congestion. Often, when done correctly, one may realize that there are too many lanes, and having that streetcar alongside on its dedicated lanes, was after all, a blessing.

Please also seek, "INDUCED DEMAND"

INDUSTRIAL TOXICOLOGY = The study of harmful effects on and in humans in various working conditions by chemicals used in the workplace, by products produced by companies, and the wastes created in manufacturing.

Hamilton and Hardy's Industrial Toxicology [Book Read]

INERTIA = The continuance of motion, exertion, or change of an object.

"Law of Inertia" = Also known as Sir Isaac Newton's "First Law of Motion." An object or body at rest tends to remain at rest and an object or body in motion tends to remain in motion with the same speed, and direction, unless an energetic force unbalances its, or changing pathway (such as a paper moving a different direction due to wind).

"What is Inertia? Basic Physics Inertia Explained"

"What is Inertia?" - Harmony Square

"Theoretical Methods for Estimating Moments of Inertia of Trees and Boles" - U.S. Forest Service - Department of Agriculture

"Newton's Laws of Motion" - Glenn Research Center - National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

INFILTRATION = The amount of a liquid, usually water that is able to soak through usually soil.

INFLECTION = A change in pitch or loudness of one's voice. | The act or repercussions of curving or bending. | A change in curvature of an arc or curve from convex to concave or conversely. | Words that undergo a change of form to mark such distinctions as those of case, gender, number, tense, person, mood, or voice. | The form, suffix, or element involved in such variation.

INFLECTION POINT = A turning point. The moment when a significant change occurs or may occur.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) = Information technology (IT) is the use of computers, storage, networking, infrastructure, physical devices, and processes to create, process, store, secure and exchange all forms of electronic data. Typically, used for business operation context, it encompasses both computer technology and telecommunications, as opposed for personal or entertainment purposes.

In 1958, Harvard Business Review coined the term to distinguish between "purpose-built" machines designed to perform a limited scope of functions and "general-purpose" computing machines that could be programmed for various tasks. As computer capability technologies emerged the cycle of computing device cost and energy consumption decreased, making the coined term become known as IT.

"The History of Information Technology Past and Present IT" - Sharp Funded site

INFRASOUND = A specific type of sound waves that have frequencies below the lower limit of human audibility.

INSOLATION = A measure of solar radiation energy received on a given surface area in a given time.

INSPIRATION PORN = The portrayal of individuals with disabilities as mere sources of inspiration for able-bodied people, overlooking and reducing them to just their disability/ies, and not their full humanity.
Stella Young coined this term, "Inspiration porn."

"I'm Not Your Inspiration, Thank You Very Much" -Stella Young - TEDx Sydney (April 2014)

"Why is Inspiration Porn Entrenched in Our Attitudes Towards Disability?" - Disability Rights UK

"Inspiration Exploitation" - Stimpunks Foundation

"Bias Buster: The Danger of Inspiration Porn" - Kent State University

INTERMODAL = Involves two or more different modes of transportation, one being rail in the movement of goods.

IRON TRIANGLE = A success term for setting up a business: Finance, Land Use Planning, and Transportation Service Delivery. Sprawl is fueled by this term, as instead of innovating in a city, cheap, often forest land lures into suburbs.

ITINERANT = A person who travel from place to place
Example: itinerant preacher
Covers a circuit

KEYSTONE SPECIES = "A species of plant or animal that produces a major impact (as by predation) on its ecosystem and is considered essential to maintaining optimum ecosystem function or structure"
- Merriam Webster Dictionary

KILL = Intentional action. To deprive of existence, destroy, eliminate life, destroy possibility of change. Murder.

LAMENT = To mourn. A passionate expression of grief or sorrow.

LAND ASSEMBLY = The purchasing of adjacent parcels of land, no matter what may be sitting on that property, in order to form the parameters to form a single site for use to construct a larger property

In season 5, episode 19, we find George Jefferson is the "Hold Out," meaning his property is the only one left that Wimax needs for its project. Does George sell?

[1] "Is George Selling His Store?" - "The Jeffersons"

[2] "George Is Holding Out For Money" - "The Jeffersons"

[3] "George Is A Real Neighbourhood Hero" - The Jeffersons"

LAND BANK = The practice of aggregating parcels of land for future sale or development.

"Land Banking 101: What is a Land Bank?" - U.S. Neighborhood Stabilization Program, Department of Housing and Urban Development

"Why They Matter: Land banks" - Habitat For Humanity

LAND SUBSIDENCE = A geological phenomenon that quantifies how much the sheer weight of the built environment contributes to the sinking of cities. The growing number of people population, with their weight: and motor vehicles, homes, furniture..., boats and air vehicles too impacts urbanization.

LANDSLIDE = A geographical word. A massive sliding down of of earth or rock from a mountain or cliff.

"Landslides" - Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) = A systematic and categorical analysis of environmental impact over the course of the entire life cycle of a product, material, process, or other measurable activity. It environmentally measures implications of many interacting industrial production systems. When accurately performed, sustainability initiatives and policies can be chosen through its valuable data.

"What is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)?" - Golisano Institute for Sustainability, Rochester Institute of Technology (2020)

LIGHT RAIL = a type of streetcar transportation, uses steel wheels on steel rails just like a train, and usually travels on dedicated lanes. Has one or two trolley-poles that connect to electricity lines above. Makes limited stops, forcing another mode of transit (unless you live walking or rolling distance): mostly automobile, sometimes bicycle or bus to get to depot locations. May travel higher speeds through non-stop areas. Focused on speed rather than having stops where people actually live on the actually street or walking distance.

Lifespan of the light rail bodies built in recent years and today is 30 years. This reminds one, as original streetcars - we do not know their lifespan, but what we know is that they are well over a century yes, 116, 124 years olds. Reminds one of, "Ain't made like they used to."

LIQUID = Form of physics between solid and gas Word, "Fluid" often is used interchangeably.

LIVERIES = 1) The business of keeping vehicles that people can hire (livery service| a livery cab) 2) Colors or designs used on a company's products, vehicles, etc. 3) Special servant uniforms

LOCOMOTIVE = A self-propelled vehicle that runs on rails and is used for moving railroad cars - pulling or pushing. The head railcar.
2: A type of cheer often by school or college students that has a slow beginning and a progressive increase in speed

LOGISTICS = The detailed arrangement, coordination, management, administration, organization, planning, of a complex operation involving many people, facilities, materials and/or supplies.

Synonyms: Masterminding, Direction, Orchestration, Regimentation, Engineering, Coordination, Execution, Handling, Running, Strategy, Tactics
The organization of moving, housing, and supplying troops and equipment: "The logistics and costs of a vaccination campaign"
The commercial activity of transporting goods to customers: "Germany's largest beverage logistics organization"

LOZENGE TACTILE = A platform edge that lets visually impaired people know that they are approaching a ledge, especially for boarding a subway, or other mode of transit where the entry to the vehicle is not congruent with the street or sidewalk, as well as anywhere a person could fall. Any material for the tactile pavers can be used, though cooling products that do not contribute to land heating (Urban Heat Island). Be aware that color-blind people, their vision processes red and green to look the same. [Note: It is best to not use red and green to avoid confusion in all transit respects.] Because it is a warning for not just visually impaired, but for all; so the lozenge pavers must be of a clearly distinct color from rest of platform.
The shape of the lozenge tactile projectiles must be rounded, so as to not be a trip hazard. They can be oblong, round, oval, as long as no sharp points, like triangles. The perimeter depth around the projectiles needs to be 6±0.5 mm high.
The lozenge tactile pavers must be installed to a depth of 400 mm parallel to the platform edge and set back a minimum of 500 mm from the edge to allow pedestrians to have sufficient time to stop walking the tactile warning surface when detected. The profile of the lozenge tactile warning surface comprises rows of 6±0.5 mm high lozenge shapes.
The pavers can be similar or even same color as the rest of walkway, except when it is a warning for all people, such as regarding transportation.

"LUFTLEITBANEN" VENTILATION CORRIDORS = A proven German practice using stretches of land, especially with trees, where there are no high buildings, in order to draw in cooler air from surrounding areas. [Frankfurt]
Please seek, "Cross Ventilation" and "Ventilation."

MAINTENANCE = Making sure subject is operational and protected from elements of destructive modes that will interfere in its optimal operation. Technical meaning: involves functional checks, servicing, repairing or replacing of necessary devices, equipment, machinery, building infrastructure, and supporting utilities in industrial, business, and residential installations. Over time - age of the subject, cost-effective methods and practices to keep operational occur; not always to the betterment of the subject.

MAKING HOLE = Drilling for exploration, usually for gas or oil

"Making Hole - Drilling Technology" - American Oil & Gas Historical Society

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY = The study of chemical agents' impact on mammals' (which includes humans) health; exposure to chemical, contaminated, and physical hazards in habitats, environments (water, soil, air...), and homes, how they enter the body and their mechanisms of action once inside, and strategies for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.

,

MANAGED RETREAT = The purposeful, coordinated movement of the living, including people and buildings away from risks. Ability to create a plan and use tools for community adaptation to repeated environmental threats that involves the physical relocation of people, structures, and infrastructures away from repeat hazards areas.
Climate Change - Climate Crisis caused.....

Also known as, "managed realignment," is a coastal management strategy allowing shoreline to move inland, so yes, loss of land, instead of attempting structural engineering to fend off waters. This practice continues to be used again and again, as it is considered a losing battle to do anything about climate change - The Greenhouse Effect.

The one good thing that managed retreat does, is humans end development and move away in order to be out of harm's way, but at same time, natural areas are restored to enhance their ecosystem services. Extra protection allows - a buffer from flooding. The "realignment" or retreat - meaning relocation can be tedious, as not everyone may want to move away, and negotiations linger on as property worth is sorted out...

"Managed Retreat Toolkit" - Georgetown Climate Center, Georgetown Law

"Managed Retreat: An Introduction and Exploration of Policy Options" - American Meteorological Society

"Coastal Processes, Hazards, and Society: What is Managed Retreat?" - The College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Penn State

"Managing the Retreat from Rising Seas - Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge, Maryland: Blackwater 2100" - The Adaptation Clearinghouse, Georgetown Climate Center

"Managed Retreat in the United States" - One Earth - Science Direct (2019)

MANDATORY PARKING MINIMUMS = OFF-TREET PARKING REQUIREMENTS = Government requirements that a certain amount of parking spaces are required per building, business.... It limits often the ability to have a business, especially in a city that was not built for automobiles, but for wagons and streetcars, like Baltimore.

MANOR = Usually used in regards to European Middle Ages / Medieval. When a King granted a piece of land, it became known as establishing a "Manor." The manor house was the central structure of the manor and usually where the feudal lord dwelled with their family. Current usage: A large detached house, similar to a mansion.

"Tied to the Land' - Serfs from Manorial History" - Northumberland Archives

MARINE ENERGY [MARINE & HYDROKINETIC ENERGY OR MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY] =
From natural movement of water, waves, tides, and river and ocean currents, comes harnessing this renewable power source. This movement can be upscaled to provide thermal energy - heat - harnessed from solar reflections (rays), temperature differences in water through a process known as, "Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion" or, "Ocean Mechanical Thermal Energy Conversion." The water is returned, creating a geothermal process.

[Please also seek related, "Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion" and "Ocean Mechanical Thermal Energy Conversion"]

Marine Energy Basics - United States Department of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

MATERIAL(S) = Physical matter that is used for various purposes.

MEAN SEA LEVEL (MSL) = Averaging the surface level of water among Earth's coastal bodies so that elevation and depth can be measured. [Seek, "Sea Level"]

MEDIA = The manner or manners one can express something; news facts, stories, opinion of thought, an idea, or a product to another. Types of media: Statues, Scrolls, Tablets, Newspapers, Magazines, Books, Mail, Sandwich Boards, Telegrams, Telegraphs, Telephone, Radio, Films, Billboards, Megaphones, Television, Electronic Mail, Websites, Internet Social Groups, and Internet Content

MEDIA COMPONENTS: Use of materials in order to convey news, facts, ideas, opinions, or product to another. Paint, paper, chisel, stone, ink, radio waves (television too), wires, plastic pictures (wrapping vehicles), computer , wireless computer connections

MEGAFIRE = A wildfire that burns more than (100,000 acres / 40,500 hectares of land.

"The Growing Megafire Crisis - and How to Contain It" - Ted Talks (2023)

"Megafire: Once A Rare Occurrence, Megafires are Now Becoming More Prevalent Throughout the World, in Large Part Due to Climate Change." - National Geographic Encyclopedic Entry

MELIORISM = The belief that we can contribute to positive change and improve the world through acts of love, creativity, compassion, and kindness.

MENTAL AGILITY = Approaching various solutions in order to respond to stress. The ability, capability to respond to events in a flexible manner and be able to move quickly between different ideas. Being able take in change and find the best course of action to move forward despite unpredictable situations.

"Development and Validation of the Leadership Learning Agility Scale" - Frontiers in Psychology | NIH (2022)

"Learning About Learning Agility" - Center for Creative Leadership (2014)

"Practice Mental Agility to Cope With Adversity and Thrive" - Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, U.S. Army: Directorate of Prevention, Resilience and Readiness

"Learning Agility: The-Key to Future Proof Your Workforce" - India Times (2023)

"Influence of Workforce Agility on Crisis Management: Role of Job Characteristics and Higher Administrative Support in Public Administration" - Materials Today Proceedings (2022)

MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION (MOC) = Current system throughout all oceans on Planet Earth
Main mechanism the ocean uses to move heat, salt, carbon, and nutrients throughout the global oceans.

"The Meridional Overturning Circulation" - NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory

MERITOCRACY = Society governed and/or the holding of power by people selected on the basis of their ability.
Opposes aristocracy - "Born into it."

THESE TERMS COMING SOON:
MICROPLASTICS = smaller than 5mm (visible to eye We are breathing 7,000 particles of microplastics a day
Hormone Endocrine EDC added to carbon
MACROPLASTICS =
NANOPLASTICS =
Nano individual cells
A Poison Like No Other - book
PVC = polymer vinyl chloride
NERDLED = spill into environment

Plastic Leak chemicals into our food

Built-in filters in washing machines 2025 FRANCE ban

Jeff Merkely

METROPOLITAN = μήτηρ πόλις = French word meaning Greek "meter." Origin is Ancient Greek μήτηρ mḗtēr, “mother” and πόλις pólis, “City.” Early name in defining Paris' rail: train, tram, and subway system is name, Chemin de fer métropolitain, a direct translation of "Metropolitan Railway." London Underground established the English definition, which has made the idea that "Metro" is only for subways, but it is not. Metro is a rail system that serves the people of a city.

ERADICATE

POLLUTIONS

MICROPLASTICS = Extremely small pieces of plastic fragments, dustlike, often too small to see with the human eye, in the environment resulting from the disposal and breakdown of consumer products and industrial waste. Contains a myriad of toxic, carcinogenic chemicals, with 2 primary, "Forever Chemicals," PFAS and PAHS.

Keywords Air pollution · Micropollutants · Plastic debris · Risks · Soil pollution · Toxicity · Water pollution

"What are Microplastics?" - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Abbreviations:
PP Polypropylene
PC Polycarbonate
PS-E Expanded polystyrene
PSU Polyarylsulfone
PS Polystyrene
TPE Thermoplastic elastomers
PET Polyethylene terephthalate
PMMA Polymethyl methacrylate
PVC Polyvinyl chloride
PP Polypropylene
PA Polyamides
PUR Polyurethane
AFS Atomic fuorescence spectroscopy
ICP-MS Inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrophotometer
ICP-OES Inductively coupled plasma-optical
emission spectrometry
FAAS Flame atomic absorption spectrometry
FP-XRF Field-portable X-ray fuorescence
cGC-ECD-MD Capillary gas chromatograph equipped
with electron capture detector and mass
detector
GC-ECD Gas chromatograph equipped with electron capture detector
LSC Liquid scintillation counting
GC-ITMS Gas chromatography–ion-trap mass
spectrometers
QqLIT-MS/MS Liquid chromatography system coupled
to a quadrupole linear ion-trap tandem
mass spectrometer
PoTSs Potentially toxic substances
BDE209 Decabromo diphenyl ether
HCHs Hexachlorocyclohexane isomers
PAHs Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
OCPs Organochlorine pesticides
DDTs Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and
related compounds
DDE Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene
PBDEs Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
PFCs Perfuorinated compounds
PS-COOH Polystyrene carboxylate
PFASs Perfuoroalkyl substances
BPA Bisphenol A
OPs Octylphenols
NPs Nonylphenols
BET Brunauer–Emmett–Teller
PFO Pseudo-frst order
PSO Pseudo-second order
PVDM Pore-volume difusion model
PVSDM Pore-volume and surface difusion
model
FPMT Film-pore mass transfer
SML Surface microlayer
QS Quorum sensing
SEM Scanning electron microscopy
FTIR Fourier transform infrared
SEM–EDS Scanning electron microscopy with
energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
XRD X-ray difraction
IARC International Agency for Research on
Cancer
IMT Internal mass transfer
EMT External mass transfer
BCF Bioaccumulation/concentration factors
ROS Reactive oxygen species

MINIMALISM = : Modest. A style or technique (including music, design, or literature) characterized by extreme simplicity and sparseness. The paring down of material excess. Ending addiction to filling pain and "Keeping up with the Jones" mentality through purchase-shopping. Only the necessities. Life experience value over possessions.

"Goodbye Materialism: Exploring Antecedents of Minimalism and Its Impact on Millennials Well-Being" - Springer Nature | NIH (2023)

"The Psychology Behind the Tiny House Movement" - University of California (2016)

"Size Doesn't Matter - Its How You Use It" - The Department of State Development and Infrastructure, Queensland, Australia

"MINIMALISM" - Documentary Film (2023)

MINORITY AUTHORITARIANISM / MINORITARIANISM = Usually, a political structure or process in which less than half or fewer have captured a certain degree of power for decision-making. Legislative power in a government being held or controlled by a minority rather than the majority group.

Minoritarianism - Wikipedia

MISINFORMATION = Reporting something that is misleading and has missing facts

MITIGATION = Reducing the risk of loss. Reducing risk of loss from occurrence of any undesirable occurrence.
Insurance word use.

THE MOLECULAR CLOCK = Comparing genomes and estimating how often mutations have occurred, helps to timeline when species split from one another. This is called, "The Molecular Clock." [Seek, "The Molecular Clock" for further details]

MORAL ECOLOGY = A moral set of normalities, assumptions, beliefs, and habits of behavior usually in an institutional setting that emerge organically. Moral ecology encourages being a type of person with values.

BOOK: "The Theory of Moral Ecology" - Allen D. Hertzke

"Three Moral Ecologies" - Information, communication and Ethics in Society, Open Textbooks for Hong Kong

"Moral Ecology in Nursing: A Pluralistic Approach" -SAGE Open Nursing (2019)

"'Moral Ecology' and 'Moral Capital': Tools Towards a Sociology of Moral Education From a South African Ethnography" - Journal of Moral Education (2010) [LISTEN]

BOOK: The Second Mountain - David Brooks

MOTION = The act of moving; whether by an outside force or internal energy. An object can go on forever if not for friction, decision to stop (all animals), or source moving ends, like wind.

"Newton's First Law of Motion" - It's AumSum Time

"Newton's Second Law of Motion" - It's AumSum Time

"Newton's Third Law of Motion" - It's AumSum Time

MOULIN = A narrow, nearly cylindrical vertical or tubular shaft, often quickly created in a glacier that becomes scoured out by meltwater rock debris pouring into it, that creates a vein that leads pool of water to go underneath ice shelf, iceberg.... raising sea level

Also, a machine for grinding coffee, and spices (etc. pepper) between rough, hard crushing surfaces

"Glacial Moulin Formation Triggered by Rapid Lake Drainage" - EESM - U.S. Department of Energy (2018)

MUDSILL = The underbelly of a house foundation. Essentially slip poured so that a slab and then stones for foundation building will have something to stick to.

"MUDSILL" = What John Henry Hammond called the lowest class of whites; the lowest threshold that supports the foundation for a building. Slaves are not even considered, as they will never be able to vote - hence no political power. Abraham Lincoln was considered, a "Mudsill," simply since he was from Illinois.

MUDSILL THEORY = An idea concocted by John Henry Hammond, a U.S. Senator from New York, that there always have been, and there always will be a class system. The upper classes always have the lower classes to rest upon.

MUG = To steal things that are on a person (wallet, purse...) A drinking cup (Scandinavian origin: mugg/mugge). Slang for a fool, and a quick standard picture of a person "A mug shot" (driver's license or arrest) Drinking cups were commonly adorned with grotesque faces, attaching face, dupe, thug nouns and verbs to assault, to make faces, to photograph.

MUG'S GAME = An foolish activity to engage in, because it is likely to be unsuccessful or dangerous.

NATIVE ADVERTISING = Text and pictures made to resemble publications' editorial content, but is paid for by an advertiser, intended to promote that advertiser's product.
To blur lines between advertising and content. Also called, "Sponsored Content." Deceptive.
[WHY named and use "Native" in 2024]

"What is Native Advertising?" - Central Washington University Libraries (CWUL)

"Native Advertising: A Guide for Businesses" - Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

NATURAL = Of the earth. Not altered in any way, especially by humans. Controversial word, especially in the food industry.
Seek: "Nature"

NATURE = Origin. Mother. The Universe. Living. Breathing. Breathtaking. The collective phenomena of the physical world which includes: all plants, animals, landscape, and other features and resources of the earth. Every living and non-living thing except humans and their human creations.
The phenomena of the collective physical world: including plants, animals, all that is made of Earth (crust to core) abiotic, and raw materials created by Earth through conditions of time and weight. The ecosphere or universe as a whole. Inherent character or constitution. Laws, elements and phenomena that rule the physical world, weather, reaction to moon and stars (including Sun) including life, without any human influence.
"The breathtaking beauty of nature"

NATURE = The way or manner one seems to be. Character traits that cannot seem to change. Innate.
"Someone's nature."

"What Does 'Nature' Mean?" - Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Communications (2020)

NATURE'S GOD = The highest, the supreme measure of power and justice of which there is no denying the authenticity.

"The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation."

"The Declaration of Independence"

NECESSARY = Mandatory. Required. Indispensable. Essential. Life.

NECESSITOUS = One who does not have the needs of life. Needy. Destitute. Poverty stricken. What is essential is dire to have. Indigent. Urgent to have. Actionable.

NET ZERO = Replacing emissions. Cancelling out emissions from one source, like mining, for emissions not produced with a finished product. It does indeed produce emissions of one sort or another.

"What is Net Zero?" - National Grid

NEURODIVERGENT = Describes people whose brain function that developed in a way that shows differences in processing strengths and challenges. Often, though have struggles, can have superior intelligence and solving problems, especially mathematics.

"Neurodivergent" - Cleveland Clinic

NEUROTYPICAL = Describes people whose brain function that developed in a way that processes melded strengths and challenges

THEBIRTH OF THE NEWSPAPER

Newspapers Chromicize America

NEWSPAPER = A collection of daily or weekly stories and events, of importance, written in columns, that the owner/owners believe their area of coverage need to know to engage in life and society, printed on paper. There are digital newspapers, and those that are printed and digital.

"Chronicling America" - Library of Congress

"History of Newspapers In America: The Press Expanded in the 1800s and Grew Into a Potent Force in Society" - Thought Company (2020)

"What's an Editorial, a Letter and Column? The Parts That Make Up Our Papers" - Bennington Banner [Vermont] (2022)

Newspapers.com: 945,546,201 newspaper pages to explore.

"Printing Newspapers 1400-1900: A Brief Survey of the Evolution of the Newspaper Printing Press" - Library of Congress

"The Hartford Courant: The Oldest US Newspaper in Continuous Publication" - Connecticut History

NIMBY = Not in my back yard. Motto: "The Needs pf my Feelings Outweigh the Needs of the Many"

NOCTURNAL = Active at night, sleeping usually only during daylight Examples: Owls, Aardvarks, Hyenas, Grey Foxes, Bats (some crepuscular), Raccoons (also crepuscular) Lightning Bugs/Fireflies, Cats (also crepuscular), Mice (also crepuscular), Rats (also crepuscular)

"Forced Climate Adapters"
Some desert animals are adapting, becoming nocturnal, to escape scorching heat like the kangaroo rat. Due to severe cold, nocturnal aardvarks may venture during day to seek food, termites, or at night, die trying with less energy to stay warm.

"Opportunists" is a slang fourth category, meaning animals, like wolves. who will hunt whenever due to food scarcity. Climate crisis only shines spotlight on these adaptable animals, but only to the point of extinction due to lack of home - habitat and food - extinguishment of ecosystem due to man, whether for cattle for meat, or clear-cutting forests for mining, homes....

"Nocturnal, Diurnal, or Crepuscular?" Worksheet - Mammal Web

NOISE = Loud decibels that penetrate the eardrums that vibrate within the ear. Can be a one time occurrence, or be continuously repeated, like buses and automobiles going by on the street that you live on. Even a one time occurrence can interfere with low decibel sound(s) of importance, especially with life/death situations.

"Noise" - "The Phantom Tollbooth"

NOISE ABATEMENT = A way, a measure to reduce noise at the source, encourage quieter technologies or equipment, and/or to reduce and prevent the propagation of sound

"Noise Abatement Program" - National Business Aviation Association

"Noise Abatement and Control" - HUD Exchange - US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)

"Highway Noise Abatement Planning and Engineering Guidelines" - Maryland Department of Transportation (2020)

NOISE POLLUTION = Loud decibels that penetrate the eardrums that vibrate within the ear that interferes with low decibel sounds of importance, even life-threatening, often limiting sense of hearing, and with repeated exposure, diminishes hearing.

Noise pollution can be self-imposed or put upon by external forces. Those created by oneself, for example, are playing loud music, using a gas-powered leaf blower, or as simple as just revving u a motor. Listening to forced-upon noise is just as dangerous to losing one's hearing, but cannot control. However, the way that you can take control is to use your civil rights to combat noise pollution through activism. One step you can take is to take public transportation as much as possible, so as to end contribution to the sound level of where you live.

"Living With Noise" - Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation

NON-COMPETE = Usually a clause in an employee contract that limits a period of time that that person, should they be fired or resign, the person cannot hold the same type of job. For example, a disc jockey or radio talk show. Clauses often coerce a person or people to stay, of which can result in lower quality of service or product, and causes seething resentment.

"FTC Announces Rule Banning Noncompetes: FTC's Final Rule Will Generate over 8,500 New Businesses Each Year, Raise Worker Wages, Lower Health Care Costs, and Boost Innovation" - Federal Trade Commission (April 23, 2024)

NON-OWNERS INSURANCE OR NON-DRIVERS INSURANCE = A type of insurance that covers liability (coverage excluding damage to the vehicle driven) for a vehicle that one does not own, be it a rental, or borrowed. [Best to purchase when driving enough beyond the cost or rental insurance on regular basis.]

OCCUPATIONAL TOXICOLOGY =

OCEAN = The most expansive body of water. 70.8 percent of Planet Earth. There is actually only one ocean, with several geographical parts. They are all connected, making one water body.

"How Many Oceans Are There?" - National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

OCEAN MECHANICAL THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION (OMTEC) = Essentially, wind movements that create water movements in sun reflections (rays). The physical movement of water by winds transmitting energy across the surface of the sea that at same time thermalizes due to sun's rays creating warm waves and tides, ruled by Planet Earth's Moon. The bigger the waves, the more renewable power and heat there is that creates thermal energy, and ability to convert to electricity.

OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION (OTEC) = A generating renewable energy technology that uses the temperature differential between deep cold and relatively warmer ocean surface waters to generate baseload electricity.

ERADICATE

POLLUTIONS

ON-THE-GO-LIFESTYLES = A way of living which requires easily disposable products, such as plastic utensils and dishware, soda cans, bottles of water, fast fashion, increasing the accumulation amounts of plastic pollution around the world.
Seek: "Environmental Toll of Consumption."

Seek: "TRASH PLAN"

ONTVLECKTEN = Disentanglement in Dutch. Also means escapes and break away. In transit means; to be able to be free from traffic, whether intentionally, or by accident. Dedicated lanes are intentional.

"Ozone" - United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

PALPABLY =

PAN-AFRICANISM - Britannica {click}

PAN-AFRICANISM - South Africa History Online {click}

PAN-AFRICAN MOVEMENT - American Historical Association {click}

PAN-AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE = Viewing history through the lens of all diverse ethnicities, spiritualties, and cultures in Africa in order to unite what is common to enrich their interests - their destinies. To progress all peoples of Africa's lives. [This is not about race = color of skin.] For the America's; to acknowledge the variety of diverse ethnicities, spiritualties, and cultures that were taken into the slave trade, and stop labeling merely, "The Africans."

PAN-AFRICAN PERSPECIVE

PANTOGRAPH = A piece of equipment that is attached to a locomotive (train), streetcar (tram/tramway/tramvay/trakken/light rail mounted on a car roof. They collect power from the overhead equipment under both static and dynamic conditions and transfers it to the cars, so they move.

PAPER ALLEY = A small road that is behind detached homes that have Telephone Poles and utility lines. Where people used to pick up ones household, usually newspapers: either sold, or offered free to those less fortunate.

TRAIN

PASSENGER = A single, usually human, who, when boarded, is a rider on a mode of transportation

TRAIN

PASSENGER RAIL TERMINOLOGY

"Passenger Rail Terminology" - Wikipedia

PATH CONTEXT = The psychological setting of the walking route: whether the surroundings encourage or discourage you from walking further than you have to.
Questioning:
⳹ How attractive are our surroundings?
⳹ Do the street aesthetics create a pleasurable experience?
⳹ Are the features such as street furniture on a human scale?
⳹ Is there a richness of detail and variety of form to engage our interest?
⳹ How do the surroundings affect the enclosure of space?
⳹ How does the quality of the space we move through effect us?
⳹ Does the way that buildings define the space around us make us feel secure and protected?
⳹ Or does the lack of special definition make us feel exposed and uneasy? More than just shelter from the elements.
⳹ It's about the intangible experience of moving through different mood space, and how that affects our psychology.
⳹ Are our surroundings easy to navigate?
⳹ The concept of way-finding is important here. That is, can we make a mental map of our journey through the surrounding environment? Or is it so disorientating that we end up lost?
⳹ The ability to mentally navigate an area is called imageability. First coined in the 1960's; when modern architecture and new car-based infrastructure were creating city quarters difficult for the walker to navigate.
⳹ Do our surroundings reassure us that, if required, help is at hand?
⳹ On quieter streets and pathways, where there are fewer people about, do the surrounding buildings provide sufficient surveillance and transparency to make us feel safe? In other words
⳹ Do we know that people can see us from the surrounding buildings, or at least, can we see other people in buildings nearby?
⳹ Can our surroundings actually alter our perception of distance?
⳹ In a more varied and engaging environment, researchers concluded that experienced distance was actually greater than the actual distance.
⳹ Paths of greater complexity were sensed to take longer to walk than paths of simple design THOUGH SAME DISTANCE STRAIGHT PATH
⳹ When we are stimulated by taking notice of our surroundings, dopamine levels rise, and this can affect our awareness of the passage of time. And since we are more aware of our surroundings, time feels like we are moving slower, and we assume we've walked further. And when our surroundings are monotonous, we switch off, and are less aware of passage of time and therefore distance.
⳹ What kind of social activities do our surroundings support? About how do we interact with other people in street space. "If we can design more sociable environments, then they can become more popular places too. It's the classic virtuous circle." Places to linger.
Today: Necessary activity - forced
Optional Activities - choice
Walking behavioural research
Resultant Activities - walking indirectly - further - just because.
Beneficial side effect of people enjoying their environment

PAX = Roman Goddess of Peace. Became synonymous with simply meaning, "Peace" [Latin]

PAX AMERICANA = Term referring to an American influenced period of relative peace and stability that began at the end of World War II. Origin is "Pax Romana"; a period of concord extending throughout Mediterranean peoples.
Also referred to as, "Long peace."

"Pax Americana" - Political Dictionary

"Pax Romana" - World History

"This Time It's Real: The End of Unipolarity and the Pax Americana" - Oxford Academic (2012)

PEAT MOSS = Soil amendment composed of sphagnum mosses and harvested from peat bogs. Has biological features that create a habitat aiding peat formation. Found in wetland areas where organic materials partially decompose over long periods of time.
Used for cooking.

PECULATE = To steal money or property, entrusted to one, especially public funds. Embezzle.

PENURIOUS = Poverty stricken. Extremely poor, usually deemed in all manners: socially, financial literacy, medical literacy, and physically. A lost cause.

ERADICATE

PER-AND POLY-FLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES (PFAS) =

ERADICATE

PERFLUOROOACTANOIC ACID (PFOA) = An "on purpose" manufactured perfluorochemical with its byproduct producing fluoropolymers.

ERADICATE

PERFLUOROOCTANESULFONIC ACID (PFOS) =

BCPP At a Glance
"Known as “Forever Chemicals,” PFAS (Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances) chemicals are a family of synthetic chemicals that build up in humans and are linked to numerous health problems including cancer.

The two most widely detected PFAS chemicals, perfluorooactanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), have been used extensively in products for their properties of high stability and low surface tension. PFOA and PFOS are found in items ranging from cookware and paper food packaging to personal care products, carpeting and firefighting foam, and provide stain resistance.

PFOA is a suspected endocrine (hormone) disruptor and possible carcinogen, and PFOS has been linked to fertility problems.

Several PFAS chemicals, especially PFOA, have been linked to increased risk for breast cancer."

PERMAFROST = Types of soil, sand, and rock formed with water freezing, forming ice holdings over even many centuries. It mostly occurs in ground ice, but also be present in non-porous bedrock. Also contains large amounts of biomass and decomposed biomass that has been stored as methane and carbon dioxide, making tundra soil, "A Carbon Sink." Permafrost is usually not just one layer of ground. It can be from several centimeters to several hundred meters deep under the Earth's surface.

Ground, soil that continuously remains below 0 °C (32 °F) for two or more years, located on land or under the ocean. More is found in Northern Hemisphere: approximately 15% or 11% of the global surface is underlain by permafrost, with total area of about 18 million km2. Think of substantial areas of Alaska, Greenland, Canada and Siberia. In Southern Hemisphere: located on mountaintops and beneath ice-free areas in Antarctica.

Thawing of permafrost is one major effect of climate change. As Greenhouse Effect occurs, global warming heats the ecosystem and causes soil thawing, so the permafrost carbon cycle accelerates and releases much of these soil-contained greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, creating a feedback cycle that increases climate change, using this heat to further fuel the Greenhouse Effect. The carbon emissions from thawing permafrost are significant enough to lead to additional warming. We hope not be enough to trigger a self-reinforcing feedback leading to "runaway warming." The thawing has been occurring for many decades now, and predictions are changing to earlier and earlier years of destructive levels.

Please seek: "GREENHOUSE EFFECT," "GLOBAL WARMING," and "CLIMATE CHANGE."

"Permafrost" - Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences (2020)

MARYLAND: "Permafrost and Periglacial Processes: Past Permafrost on the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, Eastern United States " - U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)

"Permafrost and Periglacial Hazards" - Geological and Geophysical Surveys - Alaska Department of Natural Resources

"Permafrost Variability Over the Northern Hemisphere Based on the MERRA-2 Reanalysis" - The Cryosphere (2019)

Permafrost under Ching Hi-Tibet Railway - Documentary (2011)

"Semi-Permafrost" Poem

"P.F. RESIN" = Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin = Synthetic polymers obtained by reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde. This created the first type of "plastic" called, "Bakelite."


Bakelite, PFs were the first commercial synthetic resins (plastics). They have been widely used for the production of molded products including billiard balls, laboratory countertops, and as coatings and adhesives.

. Used as the basis for Bakelite, PFs were the first commercial synthetic resins (plastics). They have been widely used for the production of molded products including billiard balls, laboratory countertops, and as coatings and adhesives. They were at one time the primary material used for the production of circuit boards but have been largely replaced with epoxy resins and fiberglass cloth, as with fire-resistant FR-4 circuit board materials.

There are two main production methods. One reacts phenol and formaldehyde directly to produce a thermosetting network polymer, while the other restricts the formaldehyde to produce a prepolymer known as novolac which can be moulded and then cured with the addition of more formaldehyde and heat.[2][3] There are many variations in both production and input materials that are used to produce a wide variety of resins for special purposes.

Bakelite was originally made from phenolic resin and wood flour.
Ebonol is a paper-filled phenolic resin designed as a replacement for ebony wood in stringed and woodwind instruments.
Novotext is randomly oriented cotton fibre-reinforced phenolics.
Oasis Floral Foam = Open-celled phenolic foam that readily absorbs water and is used mainly as a base for flower arrangements.
Paxolin is a resin bonded paper product long used as a base material for printed circuit boards, although it is being replaced by fiberglass composites in many applications.
Tufnol is a laminated plastic available as sheet and rods, which is made from layers of paper or cloth which have been soaked with phenolic resin and pressed under heat. Its high resistance to oils and solvents have made it suitable for many engineering applications.[7]
Richlite is a paper-filled phenolic resin with many uses, from tabletops and cutting-boards to guitar fingerboards.

PERPETUAL SLAVERY = The state of being under the control of another person - forever. Being chided by owner that one will achieve freedom, only to yank it away - whether by completed tasks or timeframe. "Man Stealers."

"He that stealeth {/kidnap} a man, and selleth him, or if he be found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death." - Exodus 21:16

"The Practice of Holdings Men in Perpetual Slavery Condemned" - The Presbyterian Church in America

Shemot (Exodus) - Chapter 21

PHILANTHROPIST = A person that gives to a cause, donates land, buildings or other material possessions, but usually money, that generally does not have a financial or social motive. They do not command political favor. They are to have income from their company, their wealth, not from the project they encounter to produce.

PHILOSOPHERS' WOOL = Zinc Oxide. Hindu: Pushpanjan. Latin: lana philosophica.
Charaka Samhita, a famous Indian medical text, written around 500 BC, mentions a metal which when oxidized, produced pushpanjan, thought to be zinc oxide. Part of the process that helped invent galvanized steel.

"Why ZnO Is Called Philosopher's Wool?" Pak Chemist (2019)

"What is Philosopher's Wool?" - The Times of India (February 2010)

ERADICATE

PHYLOGENETICS = The study of evolutionary relationships between organisms
This study becomes a process; usually used to attempt to piece and explain how the organisms evolved. The start is to investigate the genetics and biology of modern species in order to generate a hypothesis about what their common ancestor was like, how it lived, and how long ago it lived. Comparing genomes and estimating how often mutations have occurred, helps to timeline when species split from one another. This is called, "The Molecular Clock." [Seek, "The Molecular Clock" for further details]

PHYSICS = The branch of science devoted to the nature and properties of matter and energy. Physics distinguishes itself from chemistry and biology, by dealing with subjects of mechanics, heat, light and other radiation, sound, electricity, magnetism, and the structure of atoms.

The physics of colour or color is associated with electromagnetic radiation of a specific range of wavelengths visible to many animals, including human eyes. An object looks coloured because of the way it interacts with light. The study of this interaction and the factors determining it are the interests of the physics of colour.

PILOT = An operator who navigates the flying controls of an aircraft. An individual who exclusively comes aboard to help navigate the vessel in or out of port due to their familiarity of that specific port.

PILOT = A study, a test, an experiment in progress.

PINK TAX =

"The Pink Tax on Transportation: Women's Challenges in Mobility" - Rudin Center for Transportation - New York University (2018)

REPORT: "The Pink Tax on Transportation: Women's Challenges in Mobility" - Rudin Center for Transportation - New York University (2018)

PLAN = The idea, from start to finish as to how one will complete a task.

PLANNING = The process of deciding in detail how to do something before one begins to do it.

"The professional practice and academic study of the future of built and natural environments - from the smallest towns to the largest cities and everything in between." - Planetizen

PLANCK'S LAW = PLANCK'S RADIATION LAW = Presents the spectral density of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium at a given temperature

Please seek related, "Blackbody Radiation"

PLANK'S CONSTANT = A crucial part of quantum mechanics, in the branch of physics. Engages with tiny particles that make up matter and forces involved in their interactions.

"Why Does the Universe Depend on Planck's Constant?" - How Stuff Works

PLASMA ARC GASIFICATION (PAG) = Waste-treatment technology that uses a combination of electricity and high temperatures to turn municipal waste (garbage or trash) into usable by-products without combustion (burning). Although the technology is sometimes confused with incinerating or burning trash, plasma gasification does not combust the waste as incinerators do. Instead, it converts the organic waste into a gas that still contains all its chemical and heat energy and converts the inorganic waste into an inert vitrified glass called slag. The process can reduce the volume of waste sent to landfills and generate electricity." Encyclopedia Britannica

"Plasma Arc Gasification" - Encyclopedia Britannica

Plastic = Synthetic or petroleum (oil) based material that can be manipulated, shaped while soft and set into molds to become rigid as one wants into many products.

Synthetic Plastic = Materials made from a wide range of organic polymers such as polyethylene, Polyvinylidene Chloride (PVC), and nylon. Some types are destined to be completely flexible, such as food wrapper sheets, made of PVC. The first "plastic" was made of synthetic resin, commercially called, "Bakelite."

Petroleum-based plastics = Artificial organic polymers, obtained from natural gas or oil.

PLATFORM = The floor next to tracks for transportation.

PLATFORM SCREEN DOORS = Walls with doors that open when a train or subway comes, that match up with their doors so riders can board and de-train. Used to keep people safe; no option for someone to attempt to commit suicide by falling onto, "third rail" the electric current and/or jump just when train or subway is coming, with no time to brake.

Cuts down on wind and noise. Subways are very noisy inside their tubes. Great with automated trains and subways.

PLATITUDE(S) = Spoken or written statement/s, remark/s, motto/s, and slogan/s, ... deliberately premeditated pat answers in order to make more important than actually is, often to avoid having to give a true answer; offer a position that may hurt, usually a politician.

PLAUSIBLE DENIABILITY = The ability of people, typically senior officials in a formal or informal chain of command, whether in public or private sector, to deny knowledge of or responsibility for any damnable actions committed by members of their own organizational hierarchy.

"Plausible Deniability Definition, Examples, & Laws" - Black's Law Dictionary

POLDER SYSTEM = Objective is to reclaim land from a body of water, often an ocean, by constructing dikes roughly parallel to the shoreline, followed by draining the area between the dikes and the natural coastline. Land Reclamation.

POLITAN / POLIS = πόλις = City
Often used in conjunction of "metro" as in "Metropolitan" and "Metropolis," meaning a city that has a rail transportation system serving that particular city and then only suburbs added. "Metro" of French language comes from Ancient Greek μήτηρ, Meter = “Mother.”

POLL TAX = Head tax. Capitation. Money that was mandatory for everyone qualified (age, sex, prisoner...) to pay in order to vote. A specified sum of money levied upon each person who votes. A tax with purpose not for the money itself, but levied for everyone, regardless of income or resources. A world wide tool to control people.
* Biblical: Nehemiah.
* The 15th Amendment was ratified in 1870, protecting the right of all male citizens to vote. There was no poll protection access.

THEODOR GEISEL ~ DR. SEUSS 1942 [Public Domain]

24TH AMENDMENT: DOCTRINE ON ABOLITION OF POLL TAX - Constitution Annotated | United States Congress

REPORT: "The Voting Rights Act of 1965: Background and Overview" - Congressional Research Service (CRS) | U. S. Government

"The Poll Tax in America, a Story" - African American Registration (Tuesday, November 7th, 1876)

"Barriers to Voting: Poll Taxes" - The John F. Kennedy Library

"Can't Pay, Can't Vote: A National Survey on the Modern Poll Tax" - Civil Rights Clinic | Campaign Legal Center (CLC) | Georgetown University

"24TH AMENDMENT BECOMES OFFICIAL; Johnson Hails AntiPoll Tax Document at Ceremonies" - The New York Times (February 5th, 1964)]

60 Years 2024: "Anti-Poll Tax Amendment is 50 Years Old Today" - Pew Research Center (2014)

"Poll-Tax" - Jewish Encyclopedia

"A Blood-Stained Tax: Poll Tax and the Bambatha Rebellion in South Africa" - African Studies Review (2000)

"Fighting to Lose the Vote: How the Solider Voting Acts of 1942 and 1944 Disenfranchised America's Armed Forces" - Ney York Law School (2016) [Pages 349-353]

"Resistance to Paying Taxes : The Case of Colonial Natal, 1906" University of Johannesburg (2021)

"World War II and the American Home Front" - National Park Service (NPS) 349 - 354]

"History of the Combat Zone Tax Exclusion" - U.S. Department of Defense

ERADICATE

POLLUTIONS

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) = TOXIC. A group of chemicals that are carcinogens that are used in products, and dispersed into air we breathe, water we drink, and soil we grow food in that continues to accumulate in numbers that creates cancer, especially for all aquatic animals, tumorous cancers.

Toxic family called, "Forever Chemicals" because of their prevalence. [PFAS are also considered a "Forever Chemicals" family.]

"PAHS" also stands for, "Periarticular Histiocytic Sarcoma (PAHS) and Histiocytic Sarcoma of Other Anatomic Locations (non-PAHS). When researching, don't use acronyms to reduce confusion.

POLYMETALLIC NODULES = Also called manganese nodules. They are mineral concretions on the sea bottom formed of concentric layers of iron and manganese hydroxides around a core. They are found on/in ocean floor where creatures reside upon. It is - home. Since they contain valuable metals, especially cobalt and lithium, found in vast quantities, a place hard to get to, and immune to land "ownership", the deposits are "identified" as economically prosperous - with mission to, "save the planet" through using them for electric vehicle batteries. Yet too, like land mining, are a limited resource, and electric-batteries are now being made with sodium ion. Hydraulic Mining System Processing through Cuprion (ground into fine slurry) Sulphuric Leaching (dissolved into sulphuric acid), and smelting (drying and calcination in a rotary kiln and electric-arc furnace reduction process). They are fuel intensive, usually fossil fueled, including gas.
Between Hawaii and main continental North America of the Pacific Ocean is of specific interest to extract due to those having higher cobalt and lithium content. On September 25th, 2014, President Obama Proclaimed conservation and complete protection.
Seek also, "DEEP-SEA MINING"

"Polymetallic Nodules" - International Seabed Authority

PONTIFEX = Latin: “bridge builder” A member of a council of priests in ancient Rome
Pontifex Maximus = the pope

"PONTIFICES"

Pontifex - Britannica

POPULATION = The total number counted of usually live animals - including human beings.

Population Density by Country - Worldostats [March 9th, 2022 Statistics with 7.9 Billion] Macau is most dense. [Population is over 8 Billion.]

PORE WATER PRESSURE = The pressure of groundwater held between soil or rocks in gaps ('pores') between particles, with variables of soil type, water flow conditions, and level of the water table.

POWER = measurement of the rate on which a living being or machine does its work. How much energy it uses per second.

PRAM = an English word, specific to a four-wheeled carriage for a baby passenger, pushed by a person on foot.

PRECISION SCHEDULED RAILROADING = shorter staff, longer hours, longer trains, less safety, less maintenance in order to squeeze profits from the millipenny, for railroad track and train owners - and stockholders.

"The Effects of Precision Scheduled Railroading" - The Randi Roades Show with Free Speech Television (2023)

PRESENCE = Past, Present, and Future all occur at same time. Inspired by the, "Big Bang" Theory, energy that started life, yet life needed to start life (Chicken and the Egg).
Considered opposite of eternal.

PRIMARY = Main. Vital use one can count upon.
Seek: "Ancillary" and Ancillary Energy"

PRIMARY ENERGY = Hydrothermal is a primary energy because it works all the time, no matter what season or weather conditions. Geothermal is a type of hydrothermal, and qualifies as a primary energy.
Seek: "Ancillary" and Ancillary Energy"

PROCREATION = Term used mainly regarding mammal animals, including human beings to have babies in order to continue life.

"Parenthood and Procreation" - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford University (2012 / revision 2021)

"Exploring Reproduction (or is it Procreation?) Over Language Boundaries: the Challenges and Hidden Opportunities of Translation" (2020)

PROBABLE MAXIMUM FLOOD (PMF) = A hypothetical, most expected severe local or regional combination of critical meteorologic and hydrologic conditions that are reasonably possible in a region, whether by rain (storm. hurricane, tornado...) or sea level rise.

"Approximating the Probability of the Probable Maximum Flood" - American Society of Civil Engineers (2012)

"Estimating the Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) Using an Existing HEC-HMS Model" - USACE Hydrologic Engineering Center

"Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects | Determination of the Probable Maximum Flood Chapter 8" - Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (2001)

PROPAGATION = The manner of which plants reproduce, often through the spread of seeds in wind and water. There are two types of propagation: sexual and asexual.

"Overview of Propagation Methods" - Cornell University (2011)

"Plant Propagation: Cooperative Extension: Garden and Yard" - The University of Maine

PSYCHOACOUSTICS = Scientific study of human perception of sound frequencies and their corresponding psychological responses. Frequencies include ear-capable traveling: music, speech,... and effect of mental agility.
The branch of psychology concerned with perception of sound and its physiological effects.

"Psychoacoustics - Everything You Need To Know" - Nashville Film Institute

"Psychoacoustics: The Psychology of Sound" - Los Angeles Recording School

PUBLIC UTILITY = Enterprise made for a segment of society, based un geography, to use the service it offers. There are classes of services that the public wants and needs: local public and common carrier transportation (buses, airlines, railroads, motor freight truck carriers) conduits, pipelines, local telephone and telegraph carriers, artificial power to create light, heat, and cooling, community facilities for water and sanitation, including reservoirs.

"""""In most countries such enterprises are state-owned and state-operated, but in the United States they are mainly privately owned and are operated under close governmental regulation.
The classic explanation for the need to regulate public utilities is that they are enterprises in which the technology of production, transmission, and distribution almost inevitably leads to complete or partial monopoly—that they are, in a phrase, natural monopolies. The monopolistic tendency arises from economies of scale in the particular industry, from the large capital costs typical of such enterprises, from the inelasticity of demand among consumers of the service, from considerations of the excess capacity necessary to meet demand peaks, and other considerations. It is often also the case that the existence of competing parallel systems—of local telephones or natural gas, for example—would be inordinately expensive, wasteful, and inconvenient. Given the tendency to monopoly and the potential therefore of monopolistic pricing practices, public regulation has for more than a century been applied to certain classes of business.

In practice, regulation aims to ensure that the utility serves all who apply for and are willing and able to pay for its services, that it operates in a safe and adequate manner, that it serves all customers on equal terms, and that its rates are just and reasonable. All states have regulatory commissions, and the federal government has several, including the Interstate Commerce Commission, the Civil Aeronautics Board, the Federal Power Commission, the Federal Communications Commission, and the Securities and Exchange Commission."""""""""
Please seek also, "COOPERATIVE."

Federal Bodies Regulating Utilities:

The Interstate Commerce Act: February 4, 1887

The Communications Act of 1934

The Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) - 1931-1985 Records [Disbanded in 1985]

Federal Power Commission (Formally June 23, 1930 - October 1, 1977) [Became Federal Energy Regulatory Commission]

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

Federal Communications Commission

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

"Electric Co-op and Utility: What's the Difference?: There's a Wide Variety of Entities Operating Our Electrical Infrastructure. Here's Why the Difference Matters, Even if You Don't Have Much of a Choice.

PUFFER = A tired-vehicle left running that the driver steps away from, leaving an easy situation for someone to steal that tired-vehicle.

PULSE SCHEDULE = Where various or same mode of transportation meet at stations, for the purpose of transferring based on intentional timed patterns. Synchronized timing enabling people to continue their trip merely by arriving and boarding another to continue ones trip without waiting, the time killer.

"Can You Build Transit For Small Towns and Farms?" YES - RM Transit (2022)

QUALIFIED TRANSPORTATION FRINGE BENEFIT = For employees to ride public transit for free, thereby reducing a cost they would normally pay, and encouragement to ride public transit.
Employers can provide their employees with pre-tax transit passes or vouchers for public transportation, such as buses, trains, subways, and ferries. Employees can use these benefits to pay for commuting expenses, reducing their taxable income.

QUALITY TRANSPORT = Purposeful moving people or materials and finished goods in an environmentally conscious manner
Seek "Green Tracks"

RACE-CONSCIOUS = Keeping in mind when making decisions that affect especially people of all walks of life, to focus on improvements gaged by ethnic-cultural needs. Awareness of others regarding skin color. Physical differences, such as hair texture, for example, often is needed to be addressed.

"Race Consciousness" - Duke Law Journal (1990)

"The Case for 'Race-Conscious' Policies" - Brookings Institute (2016)

RACE TRAITOR = Descriptive phrase. Someone who is perceived to betray their own race, ethnic group, and/or country origin, primarily for economic and political reasons to self-enrich. Intentionally takes away opportunity, even deceives by offering low grade temporary jobs and takes entrepreneurship - building businesses for themselves, their family, and friends. Perceived betrayal when interracial dating or marriage.

BOOK: Race Traitor: Treason to Whiteness is Loyalty to Humanity - Various authors (1993)

"Rep. Donalds Slammed For Comments On The Black Family" - "The View" (June 7th, 2024)

"I'm better than those blacks" - Explaining and Calling out race traitor politicians [Jim Crow & Byron Donalds] - The Clay Cane Show (June 6, 2024)

RADIANT = Bright. Sending out light, beams, heat, and/or glowing brightly. Our brightest star to Earth, the Sun is a radiant body. A system that uses steam air thoroughly. completely to heat

RADIATED = The act of shining or beaming process that has passed

RADIATION = The divergence out from a central / focal point, usually in reference to the sun, and it being an energetic heat source.

The emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles which cause ionization. This is used for many things people like - for example, flying in airplanes and microwaving food. Too much exposure can damage skin and even internal organs.

Biologically, Evolution from an ancestral animal or plant group into a variety of new forms.

"Evolution is a process of radiation not progression." - Theropsid Lineage

"Cell Phones and Cancer Risk" - National Cancer Institute | National Institutes of Health

TRAIN

RAIL = Originally meant to be just the metal bars themselves. Currently used to cover not only the meaning of 'railway' above but also the whole concept of this type of transportation. Made of steel.

TRAIN

RAIL FAN = One whose hobby is railroads or model railroads. Railroad enthusiast.

TRAIN

RAIL BUFF / RAILFAN =
RAILWAY ENTHUSIAST / RAILWAY BUFF = LOVE FOR TRAINS!!!!
TRAINFAN /TRAIN BUFF =

TRAIN

RAILFANNING = Usually (hopefully) a railroad enthusiast promoting the hobby or railroads or model railroads.

TRAIN

RAILROAD = [American] A single or network of tracks made of steel rails and ties along which trains run. Includes all vehicles that run on rails, such as trams (streetcars). A network of tracks for trains, organization of the tracks, and personnel required for its working - whether for passenger or commercial/freight: engineers, conductors, maintenance, track clearers, station concierge, ticket sellers, cooks and chefs, waiters, cleaning staff, suppliers, launderers.... The actual infrastructure of tracks, signals, rolling stock....
[British: Railway]

"Striking a Chord: Railroads and Their Musical Heritage" - "American Experience" PBS

TRAIN

RAILWAY = [British] A track made of steel rails and ties along which trains run. Includes all vehicles that run on rails, such as trams (streetcars). A network of tracks for trains, organization of the tracks, and personnel required for its working - whether for passenger or commercial/freight: engineers, conductors, maintenance, track clearers, station concierge, ticket sellers, attendants, cooks and chefs, waiters, cleaning staff, suppliers, launderers.... The actual infrastructure of tracks, signals, rolling stock....
[American: Railroad]

"What is the Difference Between a RAILROAD and RAILWAY?" AmtrakGuy365

$$

RAPACIOUS = RAVENOUS VORACIOUS, GLUTTONOUS
Excessively grasping or covetous
Plunder; disposed or accustomed to seize by violence; force.

Nature Survival: Accustomed to seize food; subsisting on prey, or animals seized by violence; as, a tiger is a rapacious animal; a rapacious bird. Living on prey.
Avaricious; grasping; extortionate;
Examples: rapacious usurers; a rapacious appetite.

Devouring or craving food in great quantities aggressively excessively greedy and grasping living by preying on other animals especially by catching living prey animals

RAPACITY = Aggressive greed
The quality of having or showing a strong wish to take things for yourself, especially when in power to exclude others who deserve those things too.

RAPID INTENSIFICATION = The expression of moving faster than healthy. A weather term to explain the movement of winds, and water-related forces, such as tropical cyclones and hurricanes.
A description notice of a Rapid Intensification: "An increase in the maximum sustained winds of a tropical cyclone of at least 30 kt in a 24-h period." - NOAA

"Hurricane Otis' Rapid Intensification And Climate Change" - The Weather Channel (2023)

Hurricanes Rapid Intensification - Scholarly List

Tropical Cyclones Rapid Intensification - Scholarly List

READDRESS = Coming back to, revisiting the past - history - for the usual purpose of further examination of circumstances, events, evidence, and documents

RECEIVERSHIP = When a state, or another body like a county, takes over a city or town, usually for mismanagement of funds or even bankruptcy. A "Manager" is assigned usually by the Governor. Depending on the intensity of why receivership is determined, the governing body, especially a, "Strong Mayor" powers and duties can be completely quelled, even removed from office. ["Strong mayors" are mayors of cities of which are own municipality. Baltimore is the largest Independent city in the United States.]

"How Bankrupt American Cities Stay Alive" - Strong Towns & Not Just Bikes

"Bankrupt Cities, Municipalities List, and Map" - - Governing (2012) [I am looking for an updated list.....]

Current Court Controlled Business Receiverships - U.S. Securities and Trade Commission

"Directory of Receivership and Run-Off Resources to Assist State Insurance Regulators" - National Association of Insurance Commissioners (2022)

JD Held List of Receiverships

City of Chester

Harrisburg, Pennsylvania [Capitol - Receivership since 2013. School System still 2022.]

RECESSIVE = Biology: Less likely, like a trait to be carried through and passed along through genes. The relationship between an observed trait and the two inherited versions of a gene related to that trait. Individuals inherit "Alleles," meaning two versions of each gene, come from each parent.

"Recessive Traits and Alleles" - National Human Genome Research Institute

"Autosomal Recessive" - Medline Plus

REDLINE (Phrase) = The extent, the limitation one is able to move, to travel, whether for safety reasons, or more popularly used, by someone with power to forcefully deter.
"To cross the red line", is a worldwide common used phrase to mean figuratively: line in sand has been drawn, there is a point of no return, or fastest, farthest, or highest point or degree considered safe.

REDLINE/REDLINING = Systematic denial, withholding of goods and services.
"Hazardous to investment" due to fearful perception of significant numbers of racial and ethnic minorities to, "get ahead." To refuse a mortgage loan or insurance loan to someone because of the color of their skin, and/or they are deemed to be living a poor financial risk area. Discrimination practices usually attributed to house purchasing, but can be utilized in other manners, such as property tax pricing, tax incentives, other loans such as for businesses and vehicles, and even employment.

Government maps were drawn with red ink to signify where the "blight" was. Usually neighborhoods black-lined with red ink fill-ins.

"Understanding Redlining" - Student Handbook | Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

"Hotter, Wetter, Sneezier, & Wheezier: Present-day Environmental Disparity Among HOLC Neighborhoods" - J.S. Hoffman (2023)

"Fair Housing Act: Federal Fair Lending Regulations and Statutes" - Compliance Handbook | Federal Reserve of the United States of America

"Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) Redlining Maps: The Persistent Structure of Segregation and Economic Inequality" - National Community Reinvestment Coalition (NCRC)

REDUNDANCY = Doing the same thing | Superfluous Repetition | Prolixity | An act or instance of needless repetition

REDUNDANT WATER / WATER REDUNDANCY = Having at least 2 pumping system forms - backup systems to the primary system in the even of a failure, and or emergency. The type of alternative system(s) can be dependent on what the ingredients of water are, and and adhering to required pump station codes.

Industrial Water Chilling is a sample type.

"Redundancy Features of Water Distribution Systems" - Procedia Engineering (2017)

"Redundancy Model for Water Distribution Systems" -Reliability Engineering and System Safety (2003)

REFLECTION COEFFICIENT = The ability to calculate, for optics, for electrical transmission lines, for the parameter that describes how much of a wave is reflected by an impedance discontinuity in the transmission medium. The ratio is equal to the amplitude of the reflected wave to the incident wave, with each expressed as phasors.
Having to do with water waves.
Also defined as, "reflectance of a system.
It is closely related to, "transmission coefficient."

"Reflection Coefficient at the Load" - The Ohio State University

"Reflection Coefficient" - Wikipedia

"Travelling Waves on Transmission Lines and Wave Equation - Power System Transients - Power System 2" - Ekeeda (April 7, 2022)

REGENERATIVE AGRICULTURE = A conservation and rehabilitation approach to food and farming systems by focusing on topsoil regeneration, increasing biodiversity, water cycle improvement, enhancing ecosystem services, supporting bio sequestration, increasing climate change resilience, and strengthening health and vitality of farm soil.

"What is Regenerative Agriculture?" - NRDC

"Regenerative Agriculture on a Small Scale | What it Looks Like" - No-Till Growers (2023)

"What is Regenerative Agriculture?" - Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC)

"Regenerative Agriculture Pioneers: Tips From the Legends" - Louisiana GLCI (2023)

"Regenerative Agriculture Pioneers: Honoring the Legends" - Louisiana GLCI (2023)

REGENERATIVE FARMING = A method of conservation and rehabilitation approach to growing food. Focus is on topsoil regeneration, increasing biodiversity, water cycle improvement, ecosystem service enhancements, supporting bio sequestration, climate change resilience, and strengthening health and vitality of farm soil.

"Regenerative Food Systems" - The Nature Conservatory

"Regenerative Vs. Sustainable - What Is Regenerative Agriculture?" - Rainforest Alliance

"Factory Farming: What Is It, and Why Is It Bad for Animals?" - New Roots Institute

REPAIR = To mend. To make anew, or stronger. To make work again. In biology or physics, the replacement of destroyed cells or tissues by new formations. Regenerating.

REPARATIONS = The making of amends for a wrong one has done, by paying money to or otherwise helping those who have been wronged. The compensation for war damage paid by a defeated state. Help or payment that someone gives you for damage, loss, or suffering that they have caused you. A system of redress for egregious injustices.

RING OF FIRE = The Circum-Pacific Belt. The Pacific region home to over 450 volcanoes, including three of the world’s four most active volcanoes - Mount Fuji in Japan, Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines, and Mount St. Helens in United States of America.
From New Zealand to Chile, the 40,000 kilometer horse-shoe-shaped ring loops, passing through the coasts of Asia and the Americas. Approximately 90% of the world's earthquakes occur, and of those, produce 80% of the world’s largest earthquakes.

The benefit of volcanos is the ability to tap into geothermal energy, which also helps the volcanos be less volatile, and since usage, have the ability to glean more regarding volcano research. The Philippines, for instance, is continuing its advantage and dominance of geothermal energy for its entire country.

"Understanding Geothermal Energy Exploration" [The Ring of Fire] - The University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre

REPRODUCTION = Term used for all animals, all living creatures and plant life to have babies and make seeds to continue their species life

"Organismal Biology: Plant Reproduction" - Georgia Tech Biological Sciences

"How Ideas From Ancient Greece 'Like A Bun in the Oven' Continue to Affect Reproductive Health Policy" - STAT (March 5, 2024)

"Exploring Reproduction (or is it Procreation?) Over Language Boundaries: the Challenges and Hidden Opportunities of Translation" (2020)

RESERVED TRACK = a dedicated lane on ground that is exclusive to rail vehicles. Track on ground exclusively for trams. Known as, "Right of way" or "Private right-of-way" in USA.

RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION = METROPOLITAN SEGREGATION METROPOLITAN SEGREGATION = RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION

Taker

RESOURCE EXTRACTION = The removal of, the withdrawing of resources, materials from the environment for human use. These include fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gases), rocks, minerals, water, and biomass via deforestation and fishing and hunting. Loss of biodiversity. Environmental toll of consumption.

"Were Gobbling up the Earth's Resources at an Unsustainable Rate" - United Nations Environment Programme

Natural resources extraction and sustainable development: Linear and non-linear resources curse hypothesis perspective for high income countries" - Resources Policy (June 2023)

REPORT: 2024 Global Resource Outlook by the UN Environment Programme's International Resource Panel

REWILDING = Allowing nature to recapture, rebuild processes of how land and sea shapes, restores, and repairs damaged ecosystems and degraded landscapes.

"What is Rewilding? - Rewilding Europe

"Rewilding: Letting Nature Take Over" - "CBS Sunday Morning"

Knepp Castle Estate

The Knepp Wildland Podcast

RIBBON RAIL = Also known as, Continuous Welded Rail (CWR).
In this form of track, the rails are welded together by utilizing flash butt welding to form one continuous rail that may be several miles long. A place where one would want a ribbon rail to stop, is, for instance, rail track placed on a draw bridge.

TRAIN

ROAD = A general word to describe where any kind of physical movement can be utilized by any manner. They can be made from any material, or no special material. A road can help to guide where one wants to go. From walking and rolling, horse riding to rail to tired-vehicles, anyone can use - a road.

"Road Hierarchy" - Wikipedia

ROADLORDS = Privately owned passages for vehicles. People or companies that own streets and roads.

ROI = Return On Investment

ROLLING RESISTANCE = When a tire of a bus or automobile deforms during operation. When deformations occur, they create a great loss of energy. For any rubber-tired clad vehicle, this happens every time it is in motion.

ROOF MECHANIC = Roofer is slang form of use. One who works on tops of houses in order to keep building below dry, free of wind, and other weather changes. They work with a multitude of materials, increasingly wood and metal in order to lessen fossil fuel - petroleum use (which asphalt is made of).

ROUNDABOUT = When 2 busy roads meet, a way to control speed is to place a circular patch, usually with some kind of visual interest such as plants and or statue or fountain, so the vehicles must go around the circle in order to enter the part of road it wants to continue to travel upon. Allows continuing to travel without stopping or waiting for a traffic light to change.

SALT =
The combination of two minerals - sodium and chloride, produces table salt.

"What Happens When You Quit Salt?" - Asap Science (2023)

"The Salty Stuff; Salt, Blood Pressure, and Your Health" - NIH News In Health, National Institute of Health (NIH)

SCHISMATIC = A person who intentionally creates or incites one or more splits in an organization or who is usually a minority member - a splinter group.
Schismatic (adjective) Thoughts, ideas, policies, methods that lead towards or promote a splitting.

SCHISM =
A schism (/ˈsɪzəm/ SIZ-əm, /ˈskɪzəm/, SKIZ-əm or, less commonly, /ˈʃɪzəm/ SHIZ-əm) A division between people, usually belonging to an organization, movement, or religious denomination. Not as frequently used for religion as in the past, example: Great East-West Schism or the Western Schism. Used for political parties and splits within non-religious organizations or movements. Broadest use is regarding familiesl separation between two or more people, be it siblings, friends, lovers...

In religious usage, the charge of schism is distinguished from that of heresy, since the offence of schism concerns not differences of belief or doctrine, but promotion of the actual state of division, especially differing pastoral jurisdictions and authority. Frequently involves mutual accusations of heresy, example; The Great Apostasy. Roman Catholic teaches every heresy is a schism, as well as the lighter definition of protocol and titles.

Liberal Protestantism, however, most often prefers heresy over schism. Drawing a teaching distinction: "If you must make a choice between heresy and schism, always choose heresy. As a schismatic, you have torn and divided the body of Christ. Choose heresy every time." [Latinization of Greek word, "Choice" = "Heresy." - Presbyterian scholar James I. McCord [Quoted with approval by the Episcopalian Bishop of Virginia, Peter Lee

SCREWDRIVER = A tool with a long neck, with a certain shape meant to fit to tighten many sizes of screws Some are flat, and some have shapes. Ones that fit an "X" are often called, 'A Phillips Screwdriver."

John P. Thompson is the actual inventor. Original patents for "Screw" U.S. Patent 1908080 with an innovative "cruciform groove" and a matching "Screw Driver" U.S. 1908081 in 1932. Henry F. Phillips improved Thompsom's screw driver, and after a deal with Thompsom received patent 2046840 in 1935 .

Phillips Screw and Driver" - Oregon Encyclopedia

Henry Phillips Inventor of the Phillips Screw ~ U.S. Patent No. 2,046,343

SEA LEVEL = The basis or base for measuring elevation (heights) and depth on Planet Earth. A surface of water of coastal bodies.

"Sea level" - National Geographic Society [Includes slideshow]

SEASONS = Four divisions of a helio-centric year. They are called, "Winter, Spring, Summer, and Autumn or Fall. They have particular characteristics, marked usually by temperature, weather patterns, and daylight hours, resulting from the earth's tilt and rotation around the Earth.

"Why Do We have Seasons?" - NOAA | National Weather Service

SEAWALLS = Massive structures erected to attempt to protect backshore areas from heavy wave action. They protect from waves, not floodings, including sheltered waters.
Smooth, vertical types mainly reflect wave energy seawards. This creates turbulence and suspending sediments, actually furthering increasing the risk of erosion. Vertical ones cause scour holes at the foot of their structure, leading to structural instability. Financially, it is not a low cost shore protection option.
Seek also, "Bulkheads."

Seek More About Seawalls via, "SPONGE CITY Here

SEDUM = Also known as, "Stonecrop." A type of succulent vegetation in Crassulaceae family. Any genus of herbs that have small fleshy leaves that store water, clusters of yellow, white, or pink flowers, a groundcover-looking plant, and grows especially in dry, hard soil when necessary. Offers low maintenance due to short growth vegetation (no mowing) for tram, tramway, tramvay, trakken, streetcar rail tracks.

"How to Grow Sedums: The Complete Sedum Flower Guide" - The Almanac

SEEP = To pass, flow, or ooze; escaping through porous pathways: from the tiniest crack or crack/hole, to even humongous sinkholes, with majority of seeping substance - whether liquid or gas being of foreign property nature

"Arctic Sinkholes" - "NOVA" PBS (2022)

SENSE(S) = A part of the body that connects to an external stimulus in order to experience the world in order to function: ears to hear, eyes to see, nose to smell. tongue to taste, and fingers and skin to feel. There are 5 senses.

HIERARCHY OF ATTENTIONAL CAPTURE BY EACH SENSE - MORTON HEILIG

..JOURNEY WORDS..

GENERAL TERMS

SENSORY POLLUTION = The excess and introduction of materials and methods unknown to nature, thwarting the natural operating of 5 senses in living organisms: taste, smell, touch, hear, and see. All animals, yes, including humans are not immune of any of these pollutions, yet to varying degrees. Nocturnal animals are most effected, as they get disoriented, especially Baltimore Owls and Bats. We need these precious animals to be able to get back to their nests and caves, and continue to feed their young and procreate.

SEQUESTRATION [Law (Noun and Verb)] = The act of removing, separating, or seizing anything from the possession of its owner under process of law for the benefit of creditors or the state.
From Latin "sequestrare," to set aside, surrender, or a late use in time. From English, secluded or withdrawn. A depositary or trustee, someone whose hands a thing(s) placed in dispute until the dispute settled. [A term of Roman jurisprudence (cf. Digest L. 16,110)]. Possibly connected by derivation to sequi, to follow: follower, attendant, intermediary, hence trustee.
Sequestration in Law Application: Applied to the act of a belligerent power seizing debts due from its own subject to the enemy power; a writ directed to persons, and property entry of the defendant to be able to seize the goods

SEQUESTRATION [Science - Carbon] = Seek, "Carbon sequestration"

SEQUESTRATION [Science]

CARBON SEQUESTRATION = The natural occurring "breathing" process that plant life, especially high density forests, and kelp beds absorb carbon dioxide from the air as they grow, and bind it into biomass. and storing carbon in a carbon pool. Can also, through technology, be enhanced or achieved through carbon capture and storage projects.

The two main types of carbon sequestration:
GEOLOGIC SEQUESTRATION
BIOLOGIC SEQUESTRATION / BIOSEQUESTRATION =

Seek also, "Sequestration."

"Carbon Sequestration" - United States Geological Survey (USGS)

SERF = From Latin, "servus." (Eventually, "servant") A medieval person that is bound to a plot of land owned by the feudal/landlord, restricting movement of that person, ability to marry, and could buy their own freedom.
Different than a "slave" due to feudal lord providing often military protection and justice, and could purchase land(s).

"Serf" - Oxford Reference

"A Family Letter from a Serf in Medieval England" - The New Yorker (2013)

"Serfs and Manorialism" - Khan Academy [The Feudal System Visual]

SERFDOM = : The state or condition of a tenant farmer bound to a hereditary plot of land and to the will of a feudal/landlord. The state or fact of being a serf.

"Serfdom in Europe" - Khan Academy

"Feudal Serfdom Definition, Life & Duties Feudal Serfdom Definition, Life & Duties" - Study.com [Animated]

SERVICE EQUITY STRATEGY = A plan that has specific goal(s) of making, for example, transport accessibility to all. FOR ALL.

"Muni Service Equity Strategy" - San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA)

SHADOW BANNING = Not knowing whether social media messages you write and post goes to ones' audience ever sees, as there is no notice or explanation offered. Someone within the social media company intentionally blocks one's ability to communicate though their private company (Facebook, Twitter....).

SHADOW FLICKER = The effect of the sun (low on horizon) whose rays shine through wind turbine propellers, casting moving darkness. The movement of wind rotates the blades that is visually perceived as, "flickering," creating darkness over and over again, dispersing light and darkness.

SHADOW GOVERNMENT = "Notion that real and actual political power resides not only with publicly elected representatives but with private individuals who are exercising power behind the scenes, beyond the scrutiny of democratic institutions. According to this belief, the official elected government is subservient to the shadow government, which is the true executive power." - Wikipedia

Private sector 501c4 abuse are lobbying organizations that often set up to include other entities, like public and private educational institutions, such as colleges and universities, government entities, such as public city libraries, hospitals and other medical facilities, and even media such as newspapers, radio, and television stations. No longer does anyone need to lobby on their own benefit, as they become a member so the lobbying organization takes their need on to collectively lobby. More and more 501c3 non-profits join the private sector businesses as members, and, with the other entities, form groups to shape policies for one or many governments, even statewide that financially benefit themselves and all the members.

In recent years, the term has been used for attempting to legitimize conspiracy theories.

'The Shadow Governments" - The Washington Post (1987)

SHINRIN-YOKU = "Taking in the Forest Atmosphere" or "Forest Bathing" in Japanese. In Japan, this term emerged in the 1980's as a physiological and psychological exercise to offer an eco-antidote to tech-boom burnout and to inspire residents to reconnect with and protect the country&#8217;s forests.

SHUNTING = SWITCHING = The process of pushing or pulling a train from one track to another. Siding.

To provide a conductor an electrical current to join two points of a circuit, diverting the current.

SHUNTER = A locomotive (sometimes even horses or capstans) that moves the trains to / from a siding.

MOTIVE POWER = ability to move locomotives

SINKHOLE = A depression in the ground that has no natural external surface drainage
A ground depression or cavity that forms when water dissolves surface rock, usually limestone bedrock, easily eroded by water movement. They have no natural external surface dischargement, so whether body of water, or precipitation, water collects inside, flowing into the subsurface. Cavities are caused by water erosion therefore providing a route for surface water to disappear underground.

"What is a Sinkhole?" - U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)

"Arctic Sinkholes" - "NOVA" PBS (2022)

"Baltimore Sinkhole Swallows Cars" - Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (May 2014)

SLAVE = A person who is the legal property of another human being and is forced to obey all commands. A person held in forced servitude. A person who is completely subservient to a dominating influence, often children, forced to work in a trade like textiles. A drudge or toiler. Ability, since considered sub-human and property, the ability to abuse, torment, and even kill with no consequences. Disapproving of another's behavior, culture, and especially skin color, yet own for the sole purpose of prospering financially or having menial house tasks done for a family.

SLAVERY = The condition of not being of your own mind, body, and spirit. Being legally or illegally owned "property" by someone else and forced to obey through work, violent joy of "Master," of others (sex trafficking) and even made to produce children.
Ability to acquire one or more humans for the ability to then sell - whether to round up oneself, or pay others to capture the humans for ownership.
Being paid little is a form of slavery. There are more human slaves, approximately 50,000,000, more than ever on Planet Earth.

Types of Slavery: Debt Slavery, Enslavement of War Captives, Military Slavery, Criminal Slavery, Work Slavery, Domestic Slavery (mostly women), Chattel Slavery

"Slavery in America" - The History Channel

BOOK: Contemporary Slavery 2 and Its Definition in Law

Yale MacMillan | Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition

"Slavery is the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership is exercised." - 1926 Slavery Convention definition

The Slavery Convention - Library of Congress (1926)

"Slavery Convention" Geneva, 25 September 1926 - United Nations [Continuously Active Updated Penal Status]

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SLOWSPENSIVE= Costly due to going too slow to accomplish, especially public transportation

SLUMP / SLUMPING GROUND = Geographical word. The gravitational movement of soil or rock down a slope. Erosion due to wind weathering and water can also be factors.

"Slumping and Mass Movement - What Are The Issues?" - GCSE Geography

"Mass Wasting in the Fargo-Moorhead Region: Types of Mass Wasting: Slump" - Fargo Geology, North Dakota State University

SMART = Refers to the integration of computing and telecommunication technology into other technologies not previously having such capabilities. Examples: transportation such as passenger and freight trains and streetcars.

SOCIAL CAPITAL = Network(s) of relationships among people who live and work in a particular city, town, society, enabling that society to function effectively. [Seek, "Civic Capital"]

"Social Capital: Why We Need It and How We Can Create More of It" = Brookings (2020)

"Exploring the Elements of Social Capital: Leverage Points and Creative Measurement Strategies for Community Building and Program Evaluation" - National Civic Review (2018)

"Does Social Capital Matter? A Study of Hit-and-Run in US Counties" - Social Science & Medicine (2023)

SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH = Explains who one is and what they do that excels one's quality of well-being and factors that depletes quality of well-being. Environmental Conditions in which humans are birthed, live, work, play, worship, and age.
There are five key areas: Social, Neighborhood, and Community Networks, socio-economic status; education access and mobility - freedom of movement, cultural and ethnic practices and traditions, environmental living conditions, and health care and systems.
healthcare access and quality, education access and quality, social and community context, economic stability, and neighborhood and built environment

"What Makes Us Healthy? Understanding the Social Determinants of Health" b- Let's Learn Public Health (2017)

"Social Determinants of Health" - World Health Organization

"The Social Determinants of Health: It's Time to Consider the Causes of the Causes" - Public Health Reports | NIH (2014)

"Social Determinants of Health for Rural People" - The Rural Health Information Hub (2022/2024)

"The Social Determinants of Health. A Public Health framework." - Global Health with Greg Martin (2019)

SOCIAL JUSTICE = The distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society.

SOCIAL WELFARE = The well-being of a society. Well-being factors include: access to essential social services, enjoying a strong quality of life, and living in a safe and healthy environment.

"What is Social Welfare?" - Social Work Scholar

"Social Welfare (History of Social Work)" - Social Work Updates

"Social Welfare and Justice" - Klinger College of Arts and Sciences, Marquette University

Social Welfare Purposes" - Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

SOCIOECONOMIC = The study of the behaviors of people. The joining of society and economics - the way groups of people live and how they live through having a financial mean of sustenance and prosperity.

"When and How to Refer to Socioeconomic Status Groups" - American Chemical Society (ACS)

"Inclusive Writing: Socioeconomic Status" - University of Bristol

SODIUM = A highly reactive soft, silvery-white alkali metal. On the periodic table, its chemical element symbol is "Na" with atomic number, "11." Has many uses, including food preservation. Has important role as a human metabolite and a cofactor. Because it is an alkali metal, it is used widely for batteries.

SODIUM = Sodium is a mineral found in one of several chemical elements found in salt. Found on the Periodic Table as chemical symbol "Na" and atomic number 11, and is in Group 1. As a food ingredient, sodium is used more than just a food ingredient. Mined salt offers an abundance for the ability to be used as a preservative. Curing fish and meat allowed long ship voyages to occur. Sodium is found in most foods, especially in dairy products, deli and other meat products. Used also in baking, thickening, retaining moisture, and enhancing flavors of other ingredients, or to disguise via salt shaker on one's dining table.
Seek: "Salt" and "Sodium Ion"

"Sodium" - PubMed, National Library of Medicine

"Sodium" - Medline Plus

SODIUM ION = A sodium atom that has lost an electron, becoming a monatomic charged sodium ion. Its' symbol therefore becomes, "Na+" - with +1 charge, and . Because of the electron loss, they become oxidized in its 3s subshell, now having electronic structure, 1s22s22p6.

"Sodium Ion" - Science Direct Directory of Articles

"Sodium ion" - National Library of Medicine, NIH

SODIUM ION = An alkali metal, It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Its only stable isotope is ²³Na. The free metal does not occur in nature, so it must be prepared from compounds.

An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electrical (considered negative but could be positive) charge.

SODIUM ION BATTERY = A storage for energy using NIBs, SIBs, or Na-ion batteries) are several types of rechargeable batteries, which use sodium ions (Na+) as its charge carriers.

Seek: "Sodium"

"How Sodium Could Change the Game for Batteries: Cheaper Batteries Might Be on the Horizon." - MIT Technology Review (2023)

"Sodium Ion Battery" - Science Direct Directory of Articles

"Sodium Comes to the Battery World" - Chemical and Engineering News (C&EN) (2022)

"Sodium Ion Batteries for Vehicles ~ Analysis" - The Limiting Factor (2023)

BYD SEAGULL, SEAL, DOLPHIN, & SEALION Update: World's First Sodium Ion Battery Powered Automobiles - Future Drive (2023)

SOIL PORE WATER = Dissolved concentrations and speciation controlled by soil pH, organic matter content, clay mineral content, and type, redox potential, iron (Fe) oxides, and nutrients, mainly phosphate contents
Gaps filled with water found in earth/ground/soil that can be measured to mineral composition and specification(s)

SOIL REGENERATION = Within the field of restoration ecology in the ecological segment, is the creation of new and rejuvenating soil health by: minimizing loss of topsoil, retaining more carbon than is depleted, boosting biodiversity, and maintaining proper water and nutrient cycling.
Seek: "Regenerative Agriculture" and "Regenerative Farming"

Soil Health Institute

SOL = SUN (Greek)
SOL = Short for sōlācium (Greek)

SOLAR = The Sun

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT (PV) = Converts sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic cells using silicon alloys - semiconductor material. There are various forms of panels available: crystalline solar panels and thin-film solar panels. PV enables batteries to store the solar energy, and transfer to energy grids. The PV "plants," from movable solar panels (like used to power generator), to fixed roof top and solar farming, need inverters for transforming the power from DC into AC.

When sunlight photons of sunlight hit the semiconductor material material, free electrons are generated. Free electrons flow through the semiconductor material to generate a direct electrical current. The entire process is known as the photoelectric effect.

The PV panels are different from the solar thermal plants. They use photo effects. However, thermal plants use liquid heat-carrying ways. The benefit of PV panels is that they do not focus on energy. Instead, they convert photons into energy.

SOLAR PLANT = Any configuration of solar panels, even one, which uses sunlight to get energy. There are 2 types: photovoltaic solar technology and solar thermal technology.

SOLAR STORM = The disturbance on or of the Sun. Emanates outward across the heliosphere, which can affect the entire Solar System. Effects Planet Earth's magnetosphere, and causes space weather and space climate short-term and long-term patterns.

SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT = Collects sunlight to produce heat for residential and commercial (varieties of industrial usage too). There are three types: linear collectors (parallel) solar dishes (parallel), and parabolic trough solar thermal. Solar thermal collectors absorbs the heat from the sunlight and then transfers the heat to a heat transfer fluid that includes water, antifreeze, and air. The fluid transports to heat intended areas.

SOLASTALGIA = The "missing" produced distress one experiences, caused by environmental destruction and personal habitat/home.

"Solastalgia: The Distress Caused by Environmental Change" - Australasian Psychiatry (2007)

SOLIPSISTIC = Relates to view or theory that the self is all that can be known to exist. very self-centered or selfish.

SONIFEROUS = Carrying or producing sound

SONIFEROUS SPECIES = A grouping of creatures that produce sound and most likely have full languages In regards to aquatic wildlife, it is increasingly known that various types of fish join whales and dolphin to have communication with one another. Whether different species can communicate directly through sound is in study.

SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL (SPL) = A type of measurement using decibels that is being tested to know what an interior of an object can endure. Seek: "Decibel Drag Racing"

SPECIES = A group of living organisms consisting of similar genes. Are capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.
The principal natural taxonomic ranking unit - below a genus and denoted by a Latin binomial. Example, Homo sapiens.

BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

TAXONOMY RANKS HIERACHY - Akanksha Saxena of Biology

"Species" - Encyclopedia Britannica

"What Is a Species?: To This Day, Scientists Struggle With That Question. A Better Definition Can Influence Which Animals Make the Endangered List" - Scientific American Magazine (2008)

"Defining a Species" - University of California, Berkeley

SPECIOUS = Misleading in appearance, especially misleadingly attractive. Superficially plausible, but actually wrong. Seems to exist or be true, but actually does not, and is completely false. Plausibly nonexistent. Never happened. Never lived. Never conceived.

SPONGE CITY = The allowance of water to interact immediately with soil of urban surface, embedding the Earth's crust area, thereby sucking up as much water as possible and naturally releasing water over time.
It is a metropolitan that essentially reverts back to its natural ecosystem, its natural biodiversity, including those relocated, or extinguished due to economic reasons. The metropolitan is ecologically modified so that all surfaces are permeable, allowing water to pass through to prevent flooding and droughts. When flooding, water seeps down, removing surface water as best it can. Excess water is directed by pumps for intentional overflow to certain areas, such as intentional ponds and even playgrounds and basketball courts that are on purpose built lower than its surroundings, creating small plains. Movable walls are also built. Walls are moved into place
to create other flood plains, such as a street block. Because of permeable surface, water stays in place, lessening the ability for drought to destroy vegetation, especially trees.
This wholistic process was invented by urban planning Chinese to address their cities' floods, starting to be implemented in circa 2000. This includes reverting back to natural order of waterways that may of been dammed or land dredged in order to create new land, often with purpose of living on top of due to population growth and/or migration.
Those metropolitans that adapt and go forth just about completely redoing their infrastructure vastly cools down the heat index, thereby vastly slashing its Greenhouse and Urban Heat Island Effect. More green and less grey.

"What are Sponge Cities?" - Business Standard (July 18, 2023)

"Earth Explained!: How China's Flood-Proof Mega Cities Work" - Terra Mater (March 11, 2022)

"Copenhagen: How to Flood-Proof a City" - DW Planet A (October 20, 2023)

Please Seek, "BALTIMORE, BUILD THESE NOW" - Here

Please Also Seek, "THE COMMONS" Page - Here

SQUATTER = One who illegally enters a home and decides to live there. A renter who stops paying rent.

"Baltimore Homeowner Blasts City, Courts As Investment Property Turns Into 'Nightmare' After Fire, Murder, Squatters" - WJZ TV 13 (2022)

"6 Squatters Arrested in Raid of $1 Million Vacant Fort Washington Home" - WJLA TV 7 (2015)

"Man Devoted to Eliminating Squatters Taking Over Southern California Homes - KTLA TV 5 (2024)

STANCHION = An upright bar or post such as a support for a railing.

STANDARD TIME = The natural passage of life. The continuum of sun dial technology that follows Star Sun to let humans know how much later it is, and the ability to share at what point, whether sun dial, or use of numbers: sand, clock, or watch, they want to recongregate.
Please seek: "Circadian"

STOCHASTIC = A randomly determined outcome. Has a random probability distribution or pattern that may be analyzed statistically but may not be predicted precisely.

STOCHASTIC = Greek origin meaning, "Pertaining to chance." Determined randomly. Having a random character and probability distribution or pattern that can be analyzed statistically but cannot be predicted precisely. Unresolved mathematical problems. Unknown objects.

"When fascism comes to America, it will be waving a flag and holding a bible." - Sinclair Lewis
STOCHASTIC TERRORISM = stochastic terrorism random someone will take the bait - take law into own hands engage in vigil-antism not only invites but compels incite calling in general terms

STORM HARVEST = Weather environment where storms are able to form in rapid manner(s)

STORMWATER HARVESTING / STORMWATER REUSE = The ability for being able to use, and reuse is the collection, accumulation, treatment or purification, and storage of stormwater for its eventual reuse. While rainwater harvesting collects precipitation primarily from rooftops, stormwater harvesting deals with collection of runoff from creeks, gullies, ephemeral streams and underground conveyance. It can also include catchment areas from developed surfaces, such as roads or parking lots, or other urban environments such as parks, gardens and playing fields.
Weather environment where storms are able to form in rapid manner(s)

"Stormwater Harvesting" - Wikipedia

STRAPHANGER(S) = A standing passenger in a subway, streetcar, train or bus, who holds onto a strap that is connected to a horizontal pole, and rider clings for support to overcome the movement of the vehicle in order to stay upright in an aisle.
Slang, A commuter who rides public transportation.