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HYDROPOWER THROUGH WAVE TURBINES
Gray Hydrogen = Produced through Fossil fuels (petroleum, coal, oil, not "natural gas" of which all methods, especially "steam
reforming" releases Carbon Dioxide Gases into the air usually through smokestacks.
BLUE HYDROGEN = Produced in the same way as gray hydrogen. However, the CO2 produced is captured in the production process.
Around 90 percent of the carbon dioxide can thus later be stored in soils.
GREEN HYDROGEN = Through process called electrolysis, geothermal. wind, and solare energy is used that creates no direct emissions
of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) or other greenhouse gases. Electrolysis, water is split using green electricity and decomposed into
its two elements, hydrogen and oxygen.
"Hydrogen - Energy Carrier of the Future" - Voith
"What is Hydropower?" - Voith Company
| ARCHIMEDES' SCREW |
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| BASIS FOR HARNESSING WATER POWER |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory endorses Wave Energy, and the United States Department of Energy has placed monies to
lower the cost of Geometry Wave Energy Converters.
— Variable Geometry Wave Energy Converter NREL develops them with
— Wave Energy Converter Dynamic Modeling WEC SIMulator, element method hydrodynamic design solvers WAMIT, NEMOH,
and AQWA.
— Controls Engineering
("NREL has significant experience in the development of feedforward control strategies for WEC technologies." For SISO and
MIMO systems.),
— Structural Modeling through WEC-Sim modeling tool, Novel Control Options to alter WEC surfaces normal
to the principal degree of freedom for energy capture, thereby reducing the wave pressure and corresponding loads, and
— Control of Peak-to-Average Power Ratio and Fatigue Damage Accumulation to provide much larger PTO capacity
for fluctuating waves and enlarge magnitude to generate absorbed average power.
Offer stability of voltage and frequency to the grid.
Greatly reduce the cyclic fatigue loads on all of the system components.
Wave converters be designed for a 25-year life span, equaling wind turbines of 109 wave fatigue loading cycles. The ability
to reduce peak loads will reduce the root mean square loads and fatigue damage. All of these benefits will directly reflect
in reduced leveled cost of energy.
Article does not mention, but the cost of maintenance is extremely costly for wind turbines, especially due to size, much
more specialized workers due to heights and remote "in the air" situations.... The possibility for hurricaines and the like
to bend and turn over, especially because most of the wind turbines are hollow, makes wave energy superior, as instead of
fighting "Acts of God" wave energy uses "Acts of God" to generate - energy for electricity.
"WEC-Sim is a collaboration between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Sandia National Laboratories
(Sandia), funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Water Power Technologies Office. Due to the open source nature of the
software, WEC-Sim has also had many external contributions."
"Variable-Geometry Wave Energy Conversion and Control" NREL - United States Department of Energy
| GEOMETRY WAVE ENERGY HYDRAULIC CONVERTER |
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| CONVERSION AND CONTROL HYDRAULIC TURBINE |
"A Window Into the Future of Wave Energy" - The National Renewable Energy Laboratory - U.S. Department of Energy (2022)
GEOMETRY WAVE ENERGY CONVERTERS
| OSCILLATING SURGE WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER |
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| CASPIAN SEA |
Geometry Wave Energy Converters
National Renewable Energy Laboratory - U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) offers preference and scientific facts for Wave Energy
using innovative "Geometry Wave Energy Converters." No low noise, no ability to fall due to weather, as apposed to ocean
wind turbines.
"To protect marine energy devices from harsh ocean environments, many wave energy developers add heavy steel to their designs.
But that can add both cost and weight to their machines. Nathan Tom and a team of researchers at the National Renewable
Energy Laboratory thought outside the steel box: Their design does not need a heavy shell to survive the ocean.
And, it could be cheaper and more productive, too. Called, 'variable geometry,' these designs can change
shape to let powerful ocean forces slip past or through."
PRESS RELEASE: Maryland Congressional Delegation Urges Focus On Environmental Protection As State Negotiates New Conowingo
Dam License" - April 4, 2023
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