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"ToxFAQs for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)" - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, CDC
"How Plasma Can Fix our Waste Problem | Tom Whitton | TEDxMontreal - TEDx Talks (January 19, 2016)
INCINERATION ⇶ TO COMPOST FUELED GASIFICATION
"Oh ~ What is the Thing-A-Ma-Jig
That turns the Do-dad ~ that drives the Gimic ~ that runs the gadget ~ that spins its Whats-its ~ That flips the Gismo
That makes the wheels of love go round and round and round"
~
VISION FOR PRESENT & FUTURE - ORGANIC USE ONLY: MANURE, PLANTS, PAPER, SAWDUST, & PULP, FOOD, and BROKEN GLASS
(glass dangerous due to sharp edges that cannot be placed in recycle bin).
VISION FOR DEALING WITH PAST: Using entire contents of landfills using Gasification; thereby returning land for other
uses.
BEST SCENARIO: By eliminating coal, biomass, petroleum, coke, resin, rubber, wood (logs, furniture....), and all plastics,
a new type of gasification through reusable products, an old continued technology can be rebirthed. Through storage of materials.
the use of gasification may only be needed a few months of a year. The system is contained, in other words, no smoke
emission. Still offers some by-products, like lubricants and non-toxic chemicals needed for factory/industrial use. Self-sufficient.
[This will solve the issue of what to do with massive amounts of chicken manure on Eastern Shore.]
"An Introduction to District Heating Systems" - City Beautiful (2023)
"How Gasification Turns Waste Into Energy" - CNBC (2020)
3 Types of Gasification Systems
- Gasification - "Traditional" Closed loop built for fossil fuel use and trash
- Plasma Gasification
- Plasma Arc Gasification
TRADITIONAL GASIFICATION USE:
Gasification and Pyrolysis Types of Reactors:
* Fixed beds
* Fluidized beds
* Entrained flow
Their principal differences are how the feedstock (trash, waste...) interacts with the reaction medium used.
"Commercial Gasifiers" - National Energy Technology Labratory (NETL) - U.S. Department of Energy
"Gasification Introduction" - National Energy Technology Laboratory - U.S. Department of Energy
"GASIFICATION INTRODUCTION" - National Energy Technology Laboratory (N.E.T.L.) - U.S. Department of Energy (D.O.E.)
"How Gasification Turns Waste Into Energy" - CNBC (2020)
"On Fractioning the Tire Pyrolysis Oil in a Pilot-Scale Distillation Plant under Industrially Relevant Conditions" - Energy
and Fuels (2023)
POOPOO POWER: "Turning Human Waste into Renewable Energy?" - "Undecided with Matt Ferrell" (2022)
Notice that chemically-treated manure is dumped and pumped into water (into large man-made ponds, and nature-made rivers....)
Educates why bigger dairy farms raises, not lowers costs..... [15:00]
GASIFIER TECHNOLOGY
"Gasifiers Plant Animation" - Suntrack Energy
India businesses use personal gasifiers - to fuel their businesses - smoke-free.
PLASMA ARC GASIFICATION ~ "THE 4TH STATE OF MATTER"
| PLASTMA ARC GASTIFICATION PROCESS |
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| PLASMA ARC GASTFICATION HELPS REDUCE CARBON FOOTPRINTS |
"The slag produced by plasma gasification is safe because it is melted and reforms in a tightly-bound molecular structure,
as opposed to incinerator ash which is highly toxic and generally disposed of in landfills."
[Another, It costs too much]
"Plasma Gasification: A Solution to the Waste Disposal Dilemma?" - State of the Planet Columbia Climate School Climate, Earth,
and Society (2009)
"'This project will take all types of industrial waste and convert it into hydrogen,' explained Surma. 'This is the first
of many projects for distributed hydrogen production to help implement the broader use of fuel cells.' In addition
to dramatically reducing vehicle pollution – hydrogen cars emit only water vapor – these systems could
replace high-cost toxic waste disposal by incineration and specialized landfill. ...
Hartman is happy to see all of the ways in which plasma arc technology is used as a result of the work NASA
did decades ago. Both the private sector and space exploration continue to benefit from the unique requirements of space
travel. 'It's a very old technology that has been developed to the point where it is still creating leading-edge research,”
he said. “It's also a good way to get rid of dangerous waste. Running it through an arc heater is a really good
way to reduce it to the basic elements and render it totally harmless.'"
"Plasma Gasification: What is Plasma?" - National Energy Technology Laboratory - U.S. Department of Energy
Plasma Pyrolysis Engineering: "Plastic Waste To Energy Through Plasma Gasification" - PCRA India (2016)
"Plasma Arc Gasification" - Encyclopedia Britannica
In late 1800s, incineration as a process technology had the sole objective of volume reduction, and neither Air Pollution
Control (APC) nor energy recovery were employed. .... Gasification, an alternative Energy-from-Waste (EFW) technology, partially
oxidizes waste into synthetic gas (syngas) that can be combusted for energy, synthesized for fuel, or refined
for hydrogen and/or other chemicals. In this way, gasification aligns with the circular economy principle (CEP)
by practically recovering material at its highest value.
Plasma gasification has a modular design that is appropriate for smaller scales or retrofitting. Furthermore, plasma gasification
ultra-high syngas can be converted for a higher energy recovery or converted into chemical (chemical recycling), the modular
design can be retrofitted to accommodate future waste fluctuation and fit different industry."
ASBESTOS ⇶ PLASMA ARC GASIFICATION INSTEAD OF LANDFILL
"Plasma arc technology is a thermal treatment tool capable of safely and efficiently processing materials containing a large
variety of environmental hazards such as heavy metals and asbestos."
"Asbestos Gasification Melting Furnace & Electrical Power Generator Plant" - Klean Industries (2010)
BIOGAS
BIOGAS: "World Wide Waste: How Rotting Vegetables Make Electricity" - Business Insider (2021)
"World Wide Waste: How Logs of Fruit Pulp Replace Firewood and Charcoal" - Business Insider
LANDFILL ⇶ GASIFICATION
"Recent Trends in Gasification Based Waste-to-Energy" - From Book, Gasification for Low-grade Feedstock (2018)
"An Analysis of Plasma Gasification for Landfill Reduction" - Stanford University (2021)
BIOMASS GASIFICATION
ASPHALT IS 100% MULTI-RECYCLABLE, AND ABLE TO BE DYED LIGHT COLORS
(even white) But is that good?
GREEN ASPHALT "World Wide Waste: Roads Can Be Recycled Forever" - Business Insider
"The asphalt concrete removed from an existing road pavement is a fully recyclable material for construction. Since it
consists of valuable non-renewable resources, i.e., approximately 95% wt. of aggregates and 5% wt. of aged bituminous binder,
it can be re-used in new asphalt mixtures, reducing the demand for virgin aggregates and bitumen, or as recycled aggregates
to produce unbound layers of pavements. However, the latter option does not exploit the full potential of the material as
the former does, since it ignores the aged bituminous binder that coats the recycled aggregates. The value of removed asphalt
concrete is maximized by re-using it in the same engineering applications at the top of the recycling hierarchy and not in
being down-cycled as simple aggregates."
"Our analysis concludes that the systems proposed in this paper provide the following outcomes with subsidies: (1) the generating
cost of BIGCC ranges from 15.1 to 36.6 yen/kWh, (2) the generating cost of BGCGS ranges from 2.6 to 32.2 yen/kWh, and (3)
the cost reduction of BGCGS products in asphalt factories amounts to about 60 million yen per year." - Electric
Engineering Japan, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (2005)
REPORT: "User Guidelines for Waste and Byproduct Materials in Pavement Construction" - Federal Highway Administration Research
and Technology Coordinating, Developing, and Delivering Highway Transportation Innovations
Asphalt sealants contains Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, a toxic carcinogen family of - "Forever Chemicals."
So, despite, "Recyclable," soil and waterways become polluted with proven cancer-causing tumors - inside and outside
- all creatures.
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