Agriculture [ag-ri-cul-ture ægr-k-lt-ər/ ag-ri-kuhl-cher]
Word Origin & History
Circa 1603, from Latin "agricultura," compound of agri cultura "cultivation of land," from agri, gen.
of ager "a field" (see acre) + cultura "cultivation" (see culture). First record of agribusiness is from
1955. (Etymology Dictionary)
The science and art of cultivating fields; farming. (The Winston Dictionary)
Agriculturist [ag-ri-kuhl-cher-ist]
One engaged in tillage; a farmer; tiller of the soil. (The Winston Dictionary)
Allotment [uh-lot-muh nt]
As in, "allotment garden," an allotment is a plot of land that is owned communally
or via government and can be used privately or communally for free, or for rent.
Allotment Garden
Hiatory
Word Origin & History Late
14th century. "Study of the structure of living beings," from
O.Fr.anatomie, from
Gk. anatomia, from
anatome "dissection," from ana- "up" + temnein "to cut" (see tome). "Dissection" (1540s),
"mummy" (1580's) and even "skeleton" (1590s) were
primary senses of
this word in Shakespeare's plays. | — n , pl
-mies | | 1. | the science concerned
with the physical structures of animals and plants | | 2. | the physical structure of an animal or plant or
any of its
parts | | 3. | a book or treatise on this
subject | | 4. | dissection of an animal or plant | | 5.
| any detailed
analysis: the anatomy of
a crime | | 6.
| informal
the human body |
-- Collins English Dictionary
System of weights and measures for Turkic peoples of Ottoman and Russian Empire, as well as Uyghur-speaking regions of
Central Asia. Batman system was also used in India until the British changed the name to Maund. In 1931, metric
units were applied to Batman conversions.
Behavioral Ecology οἶκος
-λογία [ e-ka-ol-o-je / e-ka-ol-uh-jee]
Behave: Middle
French (h)avoir
≪ Latin habēre to have);
replacing late Middle
English behavoure,
behaver. + -ior condition + -al pertaining to. To be acting in a manner of. Ecology: Greek: οἶκος, "house"
or "living relations"; -λογία, "study of" The study of animal (which of course includes
humans) ways of being; mannerisms in relation to each other and their physical surroundings. The evolutionary basis
of ecological pressure. Foraging is one of the necessities of survival.
Botany [bot-a-ny b-tni / bot-n-ee]
Word Origin & History:
Circa 1696, from botanic (1656), from French "botanique" or M.L. "botanicus" from Greek "botanikos," "of herbs," from botane
"a plant, pasture, fodder." The -y is from astronomy, etc. Botany Bay so called by Capt. Cook on account of the great variety
of plants found there. (Etymology Dictionary)
Noun:
1. a. The science or study of plants.
b. A book or scholarly work on this subject.
2. The plant life of a particular area: the botany of the Ohio River valley.
3. The characteristic features and biology of a particular kind of plant or plant group.
(The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language)
Bulb [buhlb]
Word Origin & History:
1560s, "an onion," from Middle French bulbe, from Latin bulbus "bulb, onion," from Greek, bolbos "plant with round swelling
on underground stem." Expanded by 1800 to "swelling in a glass tube" (thermometer bulb, light bulb, etc.).
(Online Etymology Dictionary)
Noun:
1.Botany
a. A short, modified, underground stem surrounded by usually fleshy modified leaves that contain stored food for
the shoot within: an onion bulb; a tulip bulb.
b. A similar underground stem or root, such as a corm, rhizome, or tuber.
c. A plant that grows from a bulb.
2. A rounded projection or part: the bulb of a syringe.
3. An incandescent lamp or its glass housing.
4.Anatomy
A rounded dilation or expansion of a canal, vessel, or organ.
(The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition )
1.Botany:
a. A usually subterranean and often globular bud having fleshy leaves emergent at the top and a stem reduced to a flat disk,
rooting from the underside, as in the onion and lily.
b. A plant growing from such a bud.
2. Any round, enlarged part, esp. at the end of a cylindrical object: the bulb of a thermometer.
3. Electricity:
a. the glass housing, in which a partial vacuum has been established, that contains the filament of an incandescent electric
lamp.
b. an incandescent or fluorescent electric lamp.
4. Anatomy . any of various small, bulb-shaped structures or protuberances: olfactory bulb; bulb of urethra.
5. medulla oblongata. (the lowest or hindmost part of the brain, continuous with the spinal cord)
6. Building Trades . a rounded thickening at the toe of an angle iron or tee.
7. Nautical . a cylindrical or spherical prominence at the forefoot of certain vessels.
8. Photography . a shutter setting in which the shutter remains open as long as the shutter release is depressed. Symbol:
B
(Random House Dictionary)
Climber / Climbing Plant [klahy-mer]
Word Origin & History
1423, "one who climbs," from climb. Of plants, from 1640.
(Online Etymology Dictionary)
Noun:
1. One that climbs, especially a person who climbs mountains.
2. Sports A device, such as a crampon, used in mountain climbing.
3. A plant that climbs.
4. A person who avidly seeks a higher social or professional position.
(The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition)
Climbing Plant: Any plant that in growing to its full height requires some support. Climbing plants may clamber over a support
(climbing rose), twine up a slender support (hop, honeysuckle), or grasp the support by special processes such as adventitious
aerial roots (English ivy, poison ivy, trumpet creeper), tendrils (see tendril ), hook-tipped leaves (gloriosa lily, rattan),
or stipular thorns (catbrier). Some climbing plants when not supported become trailing plants (English ivy). Climbing types
are to be found in nearly every group of plant, e.g., the ferns (climbing fern), palms (rattan), grasses (some bamboos), lilies
(gloriosa lily), and cacti (night-blooming cereus). Woody-stemmed tropical kinds—usually called lianas—are particularly
abundant. A sturdy vine may strangle a supporting tree, and then, as the strangler fig, become a tree itself. (Encyclopedia.com)
Mixed sand and cement plaster
Compost [com-post kŏm'pōst / k-mpo-st / kom-pohst]
Word Origin & History
1388, from M. Fr. composte "mixture of leaves, etc., for fertilizing land," also "condiment," from
V.L. *composita, from L. compositus. (Online Etymology Dictionary)
A mixture of various substances, such as leaf mold, manure, etc, well mixed and left for some time in a pile to decay:
used as a fertilizer. (The Winston Dictionary)
Noun
1. a mixture of various decaying organic substances, as dead leaves or manure, used for fertilizing soil.
2. a composition; compound.
Verb (used with object):
3. to use in compost; make compost of: to compost manure and kitchen scraps.
4. to apply compost to (soil). (Random House Dictionary)
A mixture of decayed or decaying organic matter used to fertilize soil. Compost is usually made by gathering plant material,
such as leaves, grass clippings, and vegetable peels, into a pile or bin and letting it decompose as a result of the action
of aerobic bacteria, fungi, and other organisms. (The American Heritage® Science Dictionary)
Corm [korm / kawrm]
Word Origin & History:
1570s, from French corme, from Latin cornum "cornel-cherry" (but applied to service-berries in French); see cornel.
(Online Etymology Dictionary)
Origin:
1820–30; < New Latin cormus < Greek kormós a tree trunk with boughs lopped off, akin to keírein to cut off, hew
(Random House Dictionary)
Noun:
A short thick solid food-storing underground stem, sometimes bearing papery scale leaves, as in the crocus or gladiolus.
(The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition)
Creeper (kreepr)
Noun:
1. One that creeps.
2. Botany A plant that spreads by means of stems that creep.
3. Cradle
4. A grappling device for dragging bodies of water, such as lakes or rivers.
5. A one-piece fitted garment for an infant.
6. A metal frame with a spike or spikes, attached to a shoe or boot to prevent slipping, especially on ice.
(The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition)
Noun
1. Any plant (as ivy or periwinkle) that grows by creeping
tracheophyte, vascular plant - green plant having a vascular system: ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms
2. A person who crawls or creeps along the ground
a. Crawler
b. Individual, mortal, person, somebody, someone, soul a human being; "there was too much for one person to do"
3. Any of various small insectivorous birds of the northern hemisphere that climb up a tree trunk supporting themselves on
stiff tail feathers and their feet
a. Tree creeper
b. Oscine, oscine bird - passerine bird having specialized vocal apparatus
c. Certhiidae, family Certhiidae - creepers
d. American creeper, brown creeper, Certhia americana - a common creeper in North America with a down-curved bill
e. Certhia familiaris, European creeper - common European brown-and-buff tree creeper with down-curved bill
f. Tichodroma muriaria, tichodrome, wall creeper - crimson-and-grey songbird that inhabits town walls and mountain cliffs
of southern Eurasia and northern Africa
(Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition.)
.
Deciduous [di'sid zues / dih-sij-oo-uhs]
Word Origin & History
1680s, from L. deciduus "that which falls off," from decidere "to fall off," from de- "down" + cadere "to fall" (see case
(1)). Originally with reference to leaves, petals, teeth, etc.; specific sense of "trees whose leaves fall off" (opposed to
evergreen ) is from 1778.
(Etymology Dictionary)
Adjective:
1. Shedding the leaves annually, as certain trees and shrubs.
2. Falling off or shed at a particular season, stage of growth, etc., as leaves, horns, or teeth.
3. Not permanent; transitory. (Random House Dictionary)
Ecology οἶκος
-λογία [ e-ka-ol-o-je / e-ka-ol-uh-jee]
Greek: οἶκος, "house" or "living relations"; -λογία, "study of"
The study of animal (which of course includes humans) ways of being; mannerisms in relation to each other and their
physical surroundings. The evolutionary basis of ecological pressure. Foraging is one of the necessities of survival.
Entomology [en-to-mol-o-je / en-tuh-mol-uh-jee]
Word Origin & History:
1766, from Fr. entomologie (1764), coined from Gk. entomon "insect" + logia "study of." Entomon is neut. of entomos "having
a notch or cut (at the waist)," so called by Aristotle in reference to the segmented division of insect bodies, from en-
"in" + temnein "to cut."
"I have given the name insectology to that part of natural history which has insects for its object; that of entomology
... would undoubtedly have been more suitable ... but its barbarous sound terryfy'd me." [Charles Bonnet's English translation
of his "Contemplation de la nature," 1766] (Online Etymology Dictionary)
Noun:
The branch of zoology dealing with insects. (Random House Dictionary)
The science that treats of insects and their habits. (The Winston Dictionary)
|
| DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY |
Flower [flou-er]
|
| Elisabeth Morales |
Word Origin & History:
Circa 1200, from O.French, "flor", from Latin "florem" (nom. flos ) "flower" (see flora), from PIE base *bhlo- "to blossom,
flourish" (cf. M.Ir. blath, Welsh blawd "blossom, flower," O.E. blowan "to flower, bloom"). Modern spelling is 14c. Ousted
O.E. cognate blostm (see blossom). Also used from 13c. in sense of "finest part or product of anything." The verb is first
recorded early 13c. Related: Flowered ; flowering . Flower children "gentle hippies" is from 1967.
(Online Etymology Dictionary)
Noun:
1. The blossom of a plant.
2.Botany:
a. The part of a seed plant comprising the reproductive organs and their envelopes if any, esp. when such envelopes are more
or less conspicuous in form and color.
b. An analogous reproductive structure in other plants, as the mosses.
3. A plant, considered with reference to its blossom or cultivated for its floral beauty.
4. State of efflorescence or bloom: Peonies were in flower.
5. An ornament representing a flower.
6. Also called fleuron, floret. Printing . an ornamental piece of type, esp. a stylized floral design, often used in a line
to decorate chapter headings, page borders, or bindings.
7. An ornament or adornment.
8. The finest or most flourishing period: Poetic drama was in flower in Elizabethan England.
9. The best or finest member or part of a number, body, or whole: the flower of American youth.
10. The finest or choicest product or example.
11. Flowers, ( used with a singular verb ) Chemistry . a substance in the form of a fine powder, esp. as obtained by sublimation:
flowers of sulfur.
(Random House Dictionary)
The reproductive structure of the seed-bearing plants known as angiosperms. A flower may contain up to four whorls or arrangements
of parts: carpels, stamens, petals, and sepals. The female reproductive organs consist of one or more carpels . Each carpel
includes an ovary, style, and stigma. A single carpel or a group of fused carpels is sometimes called a pistil. The male reproductive
parts are the stamens, made up of a filament and anther. The reproductive organs may be enclosed in an inner whorl of petals
and an outer whorl of sepals. flowers first appeared over 120 million years ago and have evolved a great diversity of forms
and coloration in response to the agents that pollinate them. Some flowers produce nectar to attract animal pollinators, and
these flowers are often highly adapted to specific groups of pollinators. Flowers pollinated by moths, such as species of
jasmine and nicotiana, are often pale and fragrant in order to be found in the evening, while those pollinated by birds, such
as fuschias, are frequently red and odorless, since birds have good vision but a less developed sense of smell. Wind-pollinated
flowers, such as those of oak trees or grass, are usually drab and inconspicuous. See Note at pollination.
(The American Heritage® Science Dictionary)
Forage [fawr-ij]
Word Origin & History: 1275-1325;
Middle English <
Old French fourrage, derivative of
fuerre fodder (from Germanic) Noun: 1. food
for horses or cattle; fodder; provender.
2. the
seeking or obtaining
of such food. 3.
the act of searching for provisions
of any kind. 4. a raid. Verb: 5. to
wander or go in search of provisions.
6. to search about; seek; rummage; hunt: 7. to
make a raid.
Forage Value Index (FVI)
A derived index of the relative change in the previous year’s average monthly rate per head
for pasturing cattle on privately owned land in the West. Used in calculating federal grazing fees. (Science Dictionary)
Garden [gar-den g-rdn/ gahr-dn]
Word Origin & History
Circa 1300, from O.N. French gardin, from V.L. hortus gardinus "enclosed garden," via Frank. *gardo, from P.Gmc.
*gardon (cf. O.Fris. garda, O.H.G. garto, Ger. Garten "garden," O.E. geard "enclosure," see yard (1)).
The verb is first attested in 1577. Garden variety in figurative sense first recorded 1928. (Online Etymology Dictionary)
1. A piece of ground set apart for the cultivation of flowers, vegetables, etc. 2. An especially rich of fruitful place.
3. An ornamentally, often formally planted lawn or part of a lawn 4. Cultivated grounds for public resort. (The Winston Dictionary)
Garden Balsam
A flowering plant. (The Winston Dictionary)
Greenhouse [green-house grin-ha-s / green-hous]
A conservatory or glass home for the protection or cultivation of tender flowers and plants. (The Winston Dictionary)
Noun:
A building, room, or area, usually chiefly of glass, in which the temperature is maintained within a desired range, used for
cultivating tender plants or growing plants out of season. (Random House Dictionary)
Herbicide [hûr'bi-sid' / er' bi-sid / hur-buh-sahyd / ur-buh-sahyd]
Origin:
1895–1900; herb + -i- + -cide
Noun:
A substance or preparation for killing plants, especially weeds. (Random House Dictionary)
Noun:
A substance that destroys weeds. A large number of chemical compounds are used as general and selective herbicides. Most of
them have very low toxicity because their availability to animals on recently sprayed pasture is an obvious toxic hazard.
Most poisoning incidents arise when animals have accidental access to large volumes of the agent, e.g. if there has been a
spillage. The well-known herbicide groupings are bipyridyls, chlorinated acids, dinitro compounds, phenoxyacid derivatives,
thiocarbamates and triazines.
(Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, 3rd Edition)
Definition and Britannica & Sci-Tech Encyclopedia Entries - Answers.com
Horticulture [hor-ti-cul-ture h-rt-k-lt-ər/ hawr-ti-kuhl-cher]
Word Origin & History
Circa 1678, coined as if from Latin, "horticultura" "cultivation of a garden," from hortus "garden"
(see yard (1)) + cultura (see culture); probably on model of agriculture. Famously punned upon by Dorothy Parker. (Etymology
Dictionary)
The art or science of cultivating gardens or orchards. (The Winston Dictionary)
Horticulture Therapist [hor-ti-cul-ture h-rt-k-lt-ər/ hawr-ti-kuhl-cher] [ther-uh-pist]
Word Origin & History
Circa 1678, coined as if from Latin, "horticultura" "cultivation of a garden," from hortus "garden" (see yard (1)) + cultura
(see culture); probably on model of agriculture. Famously punned upon by Dorothy Parker. (Etymology Dictionary)
The art or science of cultivating gardens or orchards. (The Winston Dictionary) Therapist =
one who has studied and is qualified in a variety or specific discipline to help facilitate healing, whether psychological
(mental, emotional) or physical.
Definition of Horticulture Therapist - American Horticultural Therapy Association (AHTA)
Insecticide [in-sec-ti-cide in-s-ktə-sad/ in-sek-tuh-sahyd]
Word Origin:
insect + cide <Latin caedere, to kill
Circa 1860; insect + -i- + -cide
A poisonous powder or solution for killing bugs, flies, etc. (The Winston Dictionary)
Noun:
1. A substance or preparation used for killing insects.
2. The act of killing insects. (Random House Dictionary)
A pesticide used to kill insects. Chlordane and DDT are insecticides. Compare with fungicide, herbicide, rodenticide.
(The American Heritage® Science Dictionary)
Word Origin 1860-65; < Latin montānus, equivalent to
mont- (stem
of mōns)
mount + -ānus
-ane
1. Of or
inhabiting mountainous
regions: a
montane flora
2. Lower vegetable belt grown on mountains.
Collin
English Dictionary
Overwinter [oh-ver-win-ter]
Word Origin 1890–95; over +
winter Probable translation of Norwegian, "overvintre" "
To pass, spend, or survive the
winter. To live past winter,
- (intr) to spend winter (in or at a particular
place) *
- (tr)
to keep (animals or plants) alive through the winter *
- (intr)
(of an animal or plant) to remain alive throughout the winter *
-Collins English Dictionary
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Permaculture [per-ma-cul-ture p-rmə-k-lt-ər/ pur-muh-kuhl-cher]
Noun
A system of cultivation intended to maintain permanent agriculture or horticulture by relying on renewable resources and
a self-sustaining ecosystem. (Random House Dictionary)
Phenology
The study of the annual cycles of plants and animals and how they respond to seasonal changes in their environment. (ATTRA
definition)
The science dealing with the influence of climate on the recurrence of such annual phenomena of animal and plant life
as budding and bird migrations. (Random House Dictionary)
1. The scientific study of periodic biological phenomena, such as flowering, breeding, and migration, in relation to
climatic conditions.
2. The relationship between a periodic biological phenomenon and climatic conditions.
(The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language)
The scientific study of cyclical biological events, such as flowering, breeding, and migration, in relation to climatic
conditions. Phenological records of the dates on which seasonal phenomena occur provide important information on how climate
change affects ecosystems over time.
(The American Heritage® Science Dictionary)
Plant [plænt / plahnt]
Word Origin & History
Noun:
Olde English plante "young tree or shrub, herb newly planted," from L. planta "sprout, shoot, cutting,"
perhaps from *plantare "to drive in with the feet, push into the ground with the feet," from planta "sole of
the foot," from nasalized form of PIE *plat- "flat" (see place (n.)). Ger. Pflanze, Ir. cland, Welsh plant
are from Latin. Broader sense of "any vegetable life" is first recorded 1551. The verb, "put in the ground
to grow," is O.E. plantian, from L. plantare, from planta. Most extended usages are from the verbal sense. Sense of a
building "planted" or begun for an industrial process is first attested 1789. Slang meaning "a spy" is
first recorded 1812. Planter "proprietor of a cultivated estate in W.Indies or southern colonies of N.America" is
attested from 1647; hence planter's punch (1924). (Etymology Dictionary)
Verb:
1. To put into ground for growth; as, to plant seed.
2. T provide or prepare with seeds, roots, etc. ; as to plant a garden
3. To fix firmly: place;
4. To found; establish a colony (The Winston Dictionary)
Any of a wide variety of multicellular eukaryotic organisms, belonging to the kingdom Plantae and including the bryophytes
and vascular plants. Plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose. Except for a few specialized symbionts, plants have chlorophyll
and manufacture their own food through photosynthesis. Most plants grow in a fixed location and reproduce sexually, showing
an alternation of generations between a diploid stage (with each cell having two sets of chromosomes) and haploid stage (with
each cell having one set of chromosomes) in their life cycle. The first fossil plants date from the Silurian period. Formerly
the algae, slime molds, dinoflagellates, and fungi, among other groups, were classified as plants, but now these are considered
to belong to other kingdoms. See taxonomy table. (The American Heritage® Science Dictionary)
Word Origin 1665-75; Russian
step' or
Ukrainian step; ulterior
origin uncertain
An ecoregion or ecosystem characterized by montane grasslands,
shrublands, and temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrubland biomes, with grassland plains without trees apart from
those near rivers and lakes.
Shanat Shmita/Shemittah [she-mi-t-a]
“A year - let go." Referenced in Bible: Exodus 23:10-11 Leviticus 25:1-7, 18-22Deuteronomy 15:1-11 One engaged
in tillage; a farmer; tiller of the soil. (The Winston Dictionary)
Word Origin 1350–1400; Middle English pollucioun (< Old French) < Late
Latin pollūtiōn-, stem of pollūtiō
defilement; seek pollute -ion
Word Origin and History for pollutionNounmid-14c., "discharge of semen other than
during sex," later, "desecration, defilement" (late 14c.), from Late Latin pollutionem
(nominative pollutio) "defilement," noun of action from past participle stem of Latin
polluere "to soil, defile, contaminate," from por-
"before" + -luere "smear," from PIE root *leu- "dirt;
make dirty" (cf. Latin lutum "mud, mire, clay," lues
"filth;" Greek lyma "filth, dirt, disgrace," lymax
"rubbish, refuse;" Old Irish loth "mud, dirt;" Lithuanian lutynas
"pool, puddle"). Sense of "contamination of the environment" first recorded c.1860, but not common until c.1955. -Etymology Dictionary
1. The act of polluting or the state of being polluted 2. Harmful or poisonous
substances introduced into an environment
- Collins English Dictionary
The contamination of air, water, or soil by substances
that are harmful to living organisms. Pollution can occur naturally, for example through volcanic eruptions, or as the result
of human activities, such as the spilling of oil or disposal of industrial waste.♦
Light from cities and towns at night that interferes with astronomical observations is known as light
pollution. It can also disturb natural rhythms of growth in plants and other organisms.♦ Continuous noise that is loud enough to be annoying or physically harmful is known
as noise pollution.♦
Heat from hot water that is discharged from a factory into a river or lake, where it can kill or endanger aquatic life, is
known as thermal pollution. - The American Heritage® Science Dictionary
Taxonomy [tax-on-o-my tæk-s-nəmi / tak-son-uh-mee]
Word Origin & History
Circa 1828, from French taxonomie (1813), introduced by Linnæus and coined irregularly from Gk. taxis "arrangement"
(see taxidermy) + -nomia "method," from -nomos "managing," from nemein "manage" (see numismatics).
(Etymology Dictionary)
Noun:
1. The study of the general principles of scientific classification : SYSTEMATICS
2 Orderlyclassification of plants and animals according to their presumed natural relationships
(Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary)
Therapeutic Garden [gar-den g-rdn/ gahr-dn]
Word Origin & History
Circa 1300, from O.N. French gardin, from V.L. hortus gardinus "enclosed garden," via Frank. *gardo, from P.Gmc.
*gardon (cf. O.Fris. garda, O.H.G. garto, Ger. Garten "garden," O.E. geard "enclosure," see yard (1)).
The verb is first attested in 1577. Garden variety in figurative sense first recorded 1928. (Online Etymology Dictionary)
1. A piece of ground set apart for the cultivation of flowers, vegetables, etc. 2. An especially rich of fruitful place.
3. An ornamentally, often formally planted lawn or part of a lawn 4. Cultivated grounds for public resort. (The Winston Dictionary)
Therapeutic Garden Characteristics" - American Horticultural Therapy Association
Tree
Word Origin & History:
Olde English, treo, treow "tree" (also "wood"), from P.Gmc. *trewan (cf. O.Fris. tre , O.S. trio , O.N. tre , Goth. triu
), from PIE *deru-/*doru- "oak" (cf. Skt. dru "tree, wood," daru "wood, log;" Gk. drys "oak," doru "spear;" O.C.S. drievo
"tree, wood;" Serb. drvo "tree," drva "wood;" Rus. drevo "tree, wood;" Czech drva ; Pol. drwa "wood;" Lith. derva "pine
wood;" O.Ir. daur , Welsh derwen "oak," Albanian drusk "oak"). Importance of the oak in mythology is reflected in the recurring
use of words for "oak" to mean "tree." In O.E. and M.E., also "thing made of wood," especially the cross of the Crucifixion
and a gallows (cf. Tyburn tree, gallows mentioned 12c. at Tyburn, at junction of Oxford Street and Edgware Road, place of
public execution for Middlesex until 1783). Sense in family tree first attested 1706; verb meaning "to chase up a tree" is
from 1700. Tree-hugger, contemptuous for "environmentalist" is attested by 1989.
"Minc'd Pyes do not grow upon every tree, But search the Ovens for them, and there they be." --"Poor Robin," Almanack, 1669
(Online Etymology Dictionary)
Noun:
1. A plant having a permanently woody main stem or trunk, ordinarily growing to a considerable height, and usually developing
branches at some distance from the ground.
2. Any of various shrubs, bushes, and plants, as the banana, resembling a tree in form and size.
3. Something resembling a tree in shape, as a clothes tree or a crosstree.
4. Mathematics, Linguistics . tree diagram. [A diagram in which lines branch out from a central point or stem without forming
any closed loops]
5. Family tree.
6. A pole, post, beam, bar, handle, or the like, as one forming part of some structure.
7. A shoetree or boot tree.
8. A saddletree.
9. A treelike group of crystals, as one forming in an electrolytic cell.
10. A gallows or gibbet.
(Random House Dictionary)
Tuber [too-ber]
Word Origin & History:
"thick underground stem," 1668, from Latein, tuber "lump, bump," perhaps related to tumere "to swell".
(Online Etymology Dictionary)
Noun
1. Botany . a fleshy, usually oblong or rounded thickening or outgrowth, as the potato, of a subterranean stem or shoot, bearing
minute scalelike leaves with buds or eyes in their axils from which new plants may arise.
2. Anatomy . a rounded swelling or protuberance; a tuberosity; a tubercle.
Origin: 1660–70; < L tūber bump, swelling. Cf. truffle
(Random House Dictionary)
1. A swollen, fleshy, usually underground stem of a plant, such as the potato, bearing buds from which new plant shoots
arise.
2. A rounded projection or swelling; a tubercle.
(The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition)
Tuteur [ag-ri-kuhl-cher-ist]
French Law: A kind of guardian One engaged in tillage; a farmer; tiller of the soil. (The Winston Dictionary)
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